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We investigate the complexity of the reachability problem for (deep) neural networks: does it compute valid output given some valid input? It was recently claimed that the problem is NP-complete for general neural networks and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Marco Sälzer , Martin Lange

Firewall policies are an important line of defence in cybersecurity, specifying which packets are allowed to pass through a network and which are not. These firewall policies are made up of a list of interacting rules. In practice, firewall…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Adam Hamilton , Matthew Roughan , Giang T. Nguyen

We give the first non-trivial upper bounds on the average sensitivity and noise sensitivity of polynomial threshold functions. More specifically, for a Boolean function f on n variables equal to the sign of a real, multivariate polynomial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-03-28 Prahladh Harsha , Adam Klivans , Raghu Meka

We study the computational complexity of two Boolean nonlinearity measures: the nonlinearity and the multiplicative complexity. We show that if one-way functions exist, no algorithm can compute the multiplicative complexity in time…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Magnus Gausdal Find

Maximum satisfiability is a canonical NP-hard optimization problem that appears empirically hard for random instances. Let us say that a Conjunctive normal form (CNF) formula consisting of $k$-clauses is $p$-satisfiable if there exists a…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dimitris Achlioptas , Assaf Naor , Yuval Peres

Hardness results for maximum agreement problems have close connections to hardness results for proper learning in computational learning theory. In this paper we prove two hardness results for the problem of finding a low degree polynomial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-10-19 Ilias Diakonikolas , Ryan O'Donnell , Rocco A. Servedio , Yi Wu

It has been proved that almost all $n$-bit Boolean functions have exact classical query complexity $n$. However, the situation seemed to be very different when we deal with exact quantum query complexity. In this paper, we prove that almost…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-09-30 Andris Ambainis , Jozef Gruska , Shenggen Zheng

Deep Neural Networks are increasingly adopted in critical tasks that require a high level of safety, e.g., autonomous driving. While state-of-the-art verifiers can be employed to check whether a DNN is unsafe w.r.t. some given property…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Luca Marzari , Davide Corsi , Ferdinando Cicalese , Alessandro Farinelli

The approximate degree of a Boolean function f is the least degree of a real polynomial that approximates f pointwise to error at most 1/3. Approximate degree is known to be a lower bound on quantum query complexity. We resolve or nearly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Mark Bun , Robin Kothari , Justin Thaler

This paper aims to theoretically analyze the complexity of feature transformations encoded in piecewise linear DNNs with ReLU layers. We propose metrics to measure three types of complexities of transformations based on the information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jie Ren , Mingjie Li , Meng Zhou , Shih-Han Chan , Quanshi Zhang

This paper depicts an algorithm for solving the Decision Boolean Satisfiability Problem using the binary numerical properties of a Special Decision Satisfiability Problem, parallel execution, object oriented, and short termination. The two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Carlos Barrón-Romero

The subject of this textbook is the analysis of Boolean functions. Roughly speaking, this refers to studying Boolean functions $f : \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}$ via their Fourier expansion and other analytic means. Boolean functions are perhaps…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Ryan O'Donnell

This paper studies simple bilevel problems, where a convex upper-level function is minimized over the optimal solutions of a convex lower-level problem. We first show the fundamental difficulty of simple bilevel problems, that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Huaqing Zhang , Lesi Chen , Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

In this paper, we are interested in the number of fixed points of functions $f:A^n\to A^n$ over a finite alphabet $A$ defined on a given signed digraph $D$. We first use techniques from network coding to derive some lower bounds on the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-09-23 Maximilien Gadouleau , Adrien Richard , Søren Riis

A generalized 1-in-3SAT problem is defined and found to be in complexity class P when restricted to a certain subset of CNF expressions. In particular, 1-in-kSAT with no restrictions on the number of literals per clause can be decided in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Bernd R. Schuh

We study functional clones, which are sets of non-negative pseudo-Boolean functions (functions $\{0,1\}^k\to\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}$) closed under (essentially) multiplication, summation and limits. Functional clones naturally form a lattice…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Andrei Bulatov , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Mark Jerrum , David Richerby , Stanislav Živný

Dynamic complexity is concerned with updating the output of a problem when the input is slightly changed. We study the dynamic complexity of Dyck reachability problems in directed and undirected graphs, where updates may add or delete…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Patricia Bouyer , Vincent Jugé

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are universal function approximators providing state-of- the-art solutions on wide range of applications. Common perceptual tasks such as speech recognition, image classification, and object tracking are now…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-08 Randall Balestriero , Richard Baraniuk

We unify functional and logic programming by treating predicatesas functions equipped with their support: the set of inputs whose output is nonzero. Datalog, for instance, is a language of finitely supported boolean functions. Finite…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Michael Arntzenius , Max Willsey

We construct a family of functions suitable for establishing lower bounds on the oracle complexity of first-order minimization of smooth strongly-convex functions. Based on this construction, we derive new lower bounds on the complexity of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Yoel Drori , Adrien Taylor
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