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There exists a dichotomy between classical probabilistic graphical models, such as Bayesian networks (BNs), and modern tractable models, such as sum-product networks (SPNs). The former generally have intractable inference, but provide a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Cory J. Butz , Jhonatan S. Oliveira , Robert Peharz

Sum-product networks (SPNs) are probabilistic models characterized by exact and fast evaluation of fundamental probabilistic operations. Its superior computational tractability has led to applications in many fields, such as machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-19 Soma Yokoi , Issei Sato

A sum-product network (SPN) is a probabilistic model, based on a rooted acyclic directed graph, in which terminal nodes represent univariate probability distributions and non-terminal nodes represent convex combinations (weighted sums) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Iago París , Raquel Sánchez-Cauce , Francisco Javier Díez

Bayesian online algorithms for Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) need to update their posterior distribution after seeing one single additional instance. To do so, they must compute moments of the model parameters under this distribution. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Han Zhao , Geoff Gordon

Sum-Product Networks (SPN) have recently emerged as a new class of tractable probabilistic graphical models. Unlike Bayesian networks and Markov networks where inference may be exponential in the size of the network, inference in SPNs is in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Mazen Melibari , Pascal Poupart , Prashant Doshi , George Trimponias

Sum-product networks (SPNs) are flexible density estimators and have received significant attention due to their attractive inference properties. While parameter learning in SPNs is well developed, structure learning leaves something to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Martin Trapp , Robert Peharz , Hong Ge , Franz Pernkopf , Zoubin Ghahramani

The key limiting factor in graphical model inference and learning is the complexity of the partition function. We thus ask the question: what are general conditions under which the partition function is tractable? The answer leads to a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Hoifung Poon , Pedro Domingos

In this work, we propose Sum-Product-Transform Networks (SPTN), an extension of sum-product networks that uses invertible transformations as additional internal nodes. The type and placement of transformations determine properties of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-05 Tomas Pevny , Vasek Smidl , Martin Trapp , Ondrej Polacek , Tomas Oberhuber

Sum-product networks (SPNs) represent an emerging class of neural networks with clear probabilistic semantics and superior inference speed over graphical models. This work reveals a strikingly intimate connection between SPNs and tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Ching-Yun Ko , Cong Chen , Yuke Zhang , Kim Batselier , Ngai Wong

A Bayesian Network (BN) is a probabilistic model that represents a set of variables using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Current algorithms for learning BN structures from data focus on estimating the edges of a specific DAG, and often…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-17 Luke Duttweiler , Sally W. Thurston , Anthony Almudevar

Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) are hierarchical, graphical models that combine benefits of deep learning and probabilistic modeling. SPNs offer unique advantages to applications demanding exact probabilistic inference over high-dimensional,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Jos van de Wolfshaar , Andrzej Pronobis

The need for consistent treatment of uncertainty has recently triggered increased interest in probabilistic deep learning methods. However, most current approaches have severe limitations when it comes to inference, since many of these…

Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) are recently introduced deep tractable probabilistic models by which several kinds of inference queries can be answered exactly and in a tractable time. Up to now, they have been largely used as black box density…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Antonio Vergari , Nicola Di Mauro , Floriana Esposito

interpretable, and well understood models that are routinely employed even though, as is revealed through prior and posterior predictive checks, these can poorly characterise the spatial heterogeneity in the underlying process of interest.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-08 Andrew Zammit-Mangion , Michael D. Kaminski , Ba-Hien Tran , Maurizio Filippone , Noel Cressie

Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) can be regarded as a form of deep graphical models that compactly represent deeply factored and mixed distributions. An SPN is a rooted directed acyclic graph (DAG) consisting of a set of leaves (corresponding to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Ishaq Aden-Ali , Hassan Ashtiani

One of the central themes in Sum-Product networks (SPNs) is the interpretation of sum nodes as marginalized latent variables (LVs). This interpretation yields an increased syntactic or semantic structure, allows the application of the EM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Robert Peharz , Robert Gens , Franz Pernkopf , Pedro Domingos

We consider the problem of explaining a class of tractable deep probabilistic models, the Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) and present an algorithm ExSPN to generate explanations. To this effect, we define the notion of a context-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Athresh Karanam , Saurabh Mathur , Predrag Radivojac , David M. Haas , Kristian Kersting , Sriraam Natarajan

While all kinds of mixed data -from personal data, over panel and scientific data, to public and commercial data- are collected and stored, building probabilistic graphical models for these hybrid domains becomes more difficult. Users spend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Alejandro Molina , Antonio Vergari , Nicola Di Mauro , Sriraam Natarajan , Floriana Esposito , Kristian Kersting

Sum Product Networks (SPNs) are a recently developed class of deep generative models which compute their associated unnormalized density functions using a special type of arithmetic circuit. When certain sufficient conditions, called the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-01-26 James Martens , Venkatesh Medabalimi

Probability estimation of tree topologies is one of the fundamental tasks in phylogenetic inference. The recently proposed subsplit Bayesian networks (SBNs) provide a powerful probabilistic graphical model for tree topology probability…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Tianyu Xie , Musu Yuan , Minghua Deng , Cheng Zhang
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