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How can we discover objects we did not know existed within the large datasets that now abound in astronomy? We present an outlier detection algorithm that we developed, based on an unsupervised Random Forest. We test the algorithm on more…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-11 Dalya Baron , Dovi Poznanski

We use an extensive suite of numerical simulations to constrain the mass and orbit of Planet Nine, the recently proposed perturber in a distant eccentric orbit in the outer solar system. We compare our simulations to the observed population…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-22 Michael E. Brown , Konstantin Batygin

We report on the results from the first six months of the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS). In order to search for optical transients with timescales of minutes to years, the CRTS analyses data from the Catalina Sky Survey which…

The development of synoptic sky surveys has led to a massive amount of data for which resources needed for analysis are beyond human capabilities. To process this information and to extract all possible knowledge, machine learning…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-05-29 Isadora Nun , Karim Pichara , Pavlos Protopapas , Dae-Won Kim

We search for optical transient sources with durations of $\sim 0.1$ to $\sim 1.3$ s using a dataset obtained in the Organized Autotelescopes for Serendipitous Event Survey (OASES) observation campaign. Since the OASES observations were…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Ko Arimatsu , Kohji Tsumura , Fumihiko Usui , Takafumi Ootsubo , Jun-ichi Watanabe

Stellar occultations have been used to search for Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud objects. We propose a search for interstellar objects based on the characteristic durations ($\sim 0.1 \mathrm{s}$) of their stellar occultation signals and high…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) that orbit the Sun on or within Earth's orbit are tricky to detect for Earth-based observers due to their proximity to the Sun in the sky. These small bodies hold clues to the dynamical history of the inner solar…

Small Solar system bodies serve as pristine records that have been minimally altered since their formation. Their observations provide valuable information regarding the formation and evolution of our Solar system. Interstellar objects…

The hypothesis that a massive Planet Nine exists in the outer solar system on a distant eccentric orbit was inspired by observations showing that the objects with the most distant eccentric orbits in the Kuiper belt have orbits which are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-02 Michael E. Brown

The serendipitous detection of stellar occultations by Outer Solar System objects is a powerful method for ascertaining the small end ($r \lesssim 15$ km) of the size distribution of Kuiper Belt Objects and may potentially allow the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. C. Nihei , M. J. Lehner , F. B. Bianco , S. -K. King , J. M. Giammarco , C. Alcock

In our solar system massive outer planets dominate in terms of both mass and angular momentum, but few such planets are among the more than 4000 currently confirmed exoplanets, and none of these have accurately determined densities. Here I…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-14 Derek Buzasi

We report the discovery and orbit determination of 14 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey difference imaging dataset. Two additional objects discovered in a similar search of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey…

The unprecedented sensitivity of the Atacama Large millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) is providing many new discoveries. Several of these are serendipitous to the original goal of the observations. We report the discovery of previously…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-21 W. Vlemmings , S. Ramstedt , M. Maercker , B. Davidsson

The recently postulated existence of a giant ninth planet in our solar system has sparked search efforts for distant solar system objects (SSOs) both via new observations and archival data analysis. Due to the likely faintness of the object…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-05 V. Perdelwitz , M. Völschow , H. M. Müller

The Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) currently covers 33,000 deg^2 of the sky in search of transient astrophysical events, with time baselines ranging from 10 minutes to ~7 years. Data provided by the Catalina Sky Survey provides…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 A. J. Drake , S. G. Djorgovski , A. Mahabal , J. L. Prieto , E. Beshore , M. J. Graham , M. Catalan , S. Larson , E. Christensen , C. Donalek , R. Williams

A body in Solar orbit beyond the Kuiper belt exhibits an annual parallax that exceeds its apparent proper motion by up to many orders of magnitude. Apparent motion of this body along the parallactic ellipse will deflect the angular position…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 B. Scott Gaudi , Joshua S. Bloom

Due to their extremely small luminosity compared to the stars they orbit, planets outside our own Solar System are extraordinarily difficult to detect directly in optical light. Careful photometric monitoring of distant stars, however, can…

Digital tracking detects faint solar system bodies by stacking many images along hypothesized orbits, revealing objects that are undetectable in every individual exposure. Previous searches have been restricted to small areas and short time…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-01 Alex Geringer-Sameth , Nathan Golovich , Keita Iwabuchi

The detection of thousands of extrasolar planets by the transit method naturally raises the question of whether potential extrasolar observers could detect the transits of the Solar System planets. We present a comprehensive analysis of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-08 R. Wells , K. Poppenhaeger , C. A. Watson , R. Heller