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We unify the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), Walsh-Hadamard, Haar wavelet, Karhunen-Lo\`eve transform, and several others along with their continuous counterparts (Fourier transform, Fourier series,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Mitchell A. Thornton

An ideal fusion method preserves the Spectral information in fused image and adds spatial information to it with no spectral distortion. Recently wavelet kalman filter method is proposed which uses ARSIS concept to fuses MS and PAN images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Hamid Reza Shahdoosti

Kalman filtering and smoothing algorithms are used in many areas, including tracking and navigation, medical applications, and financial trend filtering. One of the basic assumptions required to apply the Kalman smoothing framework is that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-03-21 Aleksandr Y. Aravkin , James V. Burke

Data assimilation algorithms are used to estimate the states of a dynamical system using partial and noisy observations. The ensemble Kalman filter has become a popular data assimilation scheme due to its simplicity and robustness for a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-23 Gottfried Hastermann , Maria Reinhardt , Rupert Klein , Sebastian Reich

An alternative, new laser link acquisition scheme for the triangular constellation of spacecraft (SCs) in deep space in the detection of gravitational waves is considered. In place of a wide field CCD camera in the initial stage of laser…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-01 Jinke Yang , Yong Xie , Yidi Fan , Pengcheng Wang , Xindong Liang , Haojie Li , Xue Wang , Zhao Cui , Jianjun Jia , Yucheng Tang , Yun Kau Lau

Common filters are usually based on the linear approximation of the optimal minimum mean square error estimator. The Extended and Unscented Kalman Filters handle nonlinearity through linearization and unscented transformation, respectively,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Simone Servadio , Chiran Cherian

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular technique for performing inference in state-space models (SSMs), particularly when the dynamic process is high-dimensional. Unlike reweighting methods such as sequential Monte Carlo (SMC, i.e.…

We propose a Dynamical Low-Rank Ensemble Kalman Filter (DLR-ENKF) for efficient joint state-parameter estimation in high-dimensional dynamical systems. The method extends the DLR-ENKF formulation of arXiv:2509.11210 to the augmented…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Fabio Nobile , Sébastien Riffaud , Thomas Trigo Trindade

In this paper, the ensemble consider Kalman filter is proposed to mitigate the negative effects of uncertain parameters in nonlinear dynamic and measurement models. The ensemble Kalman filter can avoid using the Jacobian matrices and reduce…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-18 Tai-shan Lou , Nan-hua Chen , Hua Xiong , Ya-xi Li , Lei Wang

In areas such as finance, engineering, and science, we often face situations that change quickly and unpredictably. These situations are tough to handle and require special tools and methods capable of understanding and predicting what…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-23 Wencheng Bao , Shi Feng , Kaiwen Zhang

In a recent methodological paper, we showed how to learn chaotic dynamics along with the state trajectory from sequentially acquired observations, using local ensemble Kalman filters. Here, we more systematically investigate the possibility…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-19 Quentin Malartic , Alban Farchi , Marc Bocquet

This manuscript derives locally weighted ensemble Kalman methods from the point of view of ensemble-based function approximation. This is done by using pointwise evaluations to build up a local linear or quadratic approximation of a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Philipp Wacker

Stochastic parameterizations are increasingly being used to represent the uncertainty associated with model errors in ensemble forecasting and data assimilation. One of the challenges associated with the use of these parameterizations is…

Computation · Statistics 2019-10-23 Guillermo Scheffler , Juan Ruiz , Manuel Pulido

Estimating the statistics of the state of a dynamical system, from partial and noisy observations, is both mathematically challenging and finds wide application. Furthermore, the applications are of great societal importance, including…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-03 J. A. Carrillo , F. Hoffmann , A. M. Stuart , U. Vaes

The Delta-variance analysis, has proven to be an efficient and accurate method of characterising the power spectrum of interstellar turbulence. The implementation presently in use, however, has several shortcomings. We propose and test an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 V. Ossenkopf , M. Krips , J. Stutzki

The Ensemble Kalman Filters (EnKF) employ a Monte-Carlo approach to represent covariance information, and are affected by sampling errors in operational settings where the number of model realizations is much smaller than the model state…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-06 Andrey A Popov , Adrian Sandu , Elias D. Nino-Ruiz , Geir Evensen

Solving inverse problems without the use of derivatives or adjoints of the forward model is highly desirable in many applications arising in science and engineering. In this paper, we propose a new version of such a methodology, a framework…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-17 Alfredo Garbuno-Inigo , Franca Hoffmann , Wuchen Li , Andrew M. Stuart

Data assimilation (DA) aims to optimally combine model forecasts and observations that are both partial and noisy. Multi-model DA generalizes the variational or Bayesian formulation of the Kalman filter, and we prove that it is also the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-23 Eviatar Bach , Michael Ghil

Inferring the state and unknown parameters of a network of coupled oscillators is of utmost importance. This task is made harder when only partial and noisy observations are available, which is a typical scenario in realistic…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-04-07 Lauren D. Smith , Georg A. Gottwald

The Ensemble Kalman filter and Ensemble square root filters are data assimilation methods used to combine high dimensional nonlinear models with observed data. These methods have proved to be indispensable tools in science and engineering…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-31 Xin T Tong , Andrew J Majda , David Kelly