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A Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that represents a set $S$ of elements from a larger universe $U$. This efficiency comes with a trade-off, namely, it allows for a small chance of false positives. When you…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hayder Tirmazi

Bloom filters are data structures used to determine set membership of elements, with applications from string matching to networking and security problems. These structures are favored because of their reduced memory consumption and fast…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Ethan Madison , Zachary Zipper

A Bloom filter is a method for reducing the space (memory) required for representing a set by allowing a small error probability. In this paper we consider a \emph{Sliding Bloom Filter}: a data structure that, given a stream of elements,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-10 Moni Naor , Eylon Yogev

Bloom filters are space-efficient probabilistic data structures that are used to test whether an element is a member of a set, and may return false positives. Recently, variations referred to as learned Bloom filters were developed that can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Kapil Vaidya , Eric Knorr , Tim Kraska , Michael Mitzenmacher

Bloom filters are widely used data structures that compactly represent sets of elements. Querying a Bloom filter reveals if an element is not included in the underlying set or is included with a certain error rate. This membership testing…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Angjela Davitkova , Damjan Gjurovski , Sebastian Michel

A Bloom Filter is a probabilistic data structure designed to check, rapidly and memory-efficiently, whether an element is present in a set. It has been vastly used in various computing areas and several variants, allowing deletions, dynamic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Ana Rodrigues , Ariel Shtul , Carlos Baquero , Paulo Sérgio Almeida

A filter is a widely used data structure for storing an approximation of a given set $S$ of elements from some universe $U$ (a countable set).It represents a superset $S'\supseteq S$ that is ''close to $S$'' in the sense that for $x\not\in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ioana O. Bercea , Jakob Bæk Tejs Houen , Rasmus Pagh

Bloom Filter is a probabilistic membership data structure and it is excessively used data structure for membership query. Bloom Filter becomes the predominant data structure in approximate membership filtering. Bloom Filter extremely…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Ripon Patgiri , Sabuzima Nayak , Samir Kumar Borgohain

A Bloom filter is a widely used data-structure for representing a set $S$ and answering queries of the form "Is $x$ in $S$?". By allowing some false positive answers (saying "yes" when the answer is in fact `no') Bloom filters use space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Mayank Goswami , Rasmus Pagh , Francesco Silvestri , Johan Sivertsen

Learned Bloom Filters, i.e., models induced from data via machine learning techniques and solving the approximate set membership problem, have recently been introduced with the aim of enhancing the performance of standard Bloom Filters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Dario Malchiodi , Davide Raimondi , Giacomo Fumagalli , Raffaele Giancarlo , Marco Frasca

There is a plethora of data structures, algorithms, and frameworks dealing with major data-stream problems like estimating the frequency of items, answering set membership, association and multiplicity queries, and several other statistics…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Anes Abdennebi , Kamer Kaya

Filters (such as Bloom Filters) are data structures that speed up network routing and measurement operations by storing a compressed representation of a set. Filters are space efficient, but can make bounded one-sided errors: with tunable…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Tsvi Kopelowitz , Samuel McCauley , Ely Porat

Probabilistic filters are approximate set membership data structures that represent a set of keys in small space, and answer set membership queries without false negative answers, but with a certain allowed false positive probability. Such…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Johanna Elena Schmitz , Jens Zentgraf , Sven Rahmann

The Bloom filter---or, more generally, an approximate membership query data structure (AMQ)---maintains a compact, probabilistic representation of a set S of keys from a universe U. An AMQ supports lookups, inserts, and (for some AMQs)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Michael A. Bender , Martin Farach-Colton , Mayank Goswami , Rob Johnson , Samuel McCauley , Shikha Singh

This paper presents new alternatives to the well-known Bloom filter data structure. The Bloom filter, a compact data structure supporting set insertion and membership queries, has found wide application in databases, storage systems, and…

With the growing scale of big data, probabilistic structures receive increasing popularity for efficient approximate storage and query processing. For example, Bloom filters (BF) can achieve satisfactory performance for approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Yue Fu , Rong Du , Haibo Hu , Man Ho Au , Dagang Li

These days, Key-Value Stores are widely used for scalable data storage. In this environment, Bloom filter (BF) serves as an efficient probabilistic data structure for representing sets of keys. They allow for set membership queries with no…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Paul Walther , Wejdene Mansour , Johann Maximilian Zollner , Martin Werner

The Bloom filter (BF) is a space efficient randomized data structure particularly suitable to represent a set supporting approximate membership queries. BFs have been extensively used in many applications especially in networking due to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Laura Carrea , Alexei Vernitski , Martin Reed

Bloom filter is a compact memory-efficient probabilistic data structure supporting membership testing, i.e., to check whether an element is in a given set. However, as Bloom filter maps each element with uniformly random hash functions, few…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Rongbiao Xie , Meng Li , Zheyu Miao , Rong Gu , He Huang , Haipeng Dai , Guihai Chen

A learned Bloom filter (LBF) combines a classical Bloom filter (CBF) with a learning model to reduce the amount of memory needed to represent a given set while achieving a target false positive rate (FPR). Provable security against adaptive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ghada Almashaqbeh , Allison Bishop , Hayder Tirmazi
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