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Noether's theorem connects symmetries to invariants in continuous systems, however its extension to discrete systems has remained elusive. Recognizing the lowest-order finite difference as the foundation of local continuity, a viable method…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-04 Samuel Richard Totorica

In cosmological framework, Noether symmetry technique has revealed a useful tool in order to examine exact solutions. In this work, we first introduce the Jordan-frame Lagrangian and apply the conformal transformation in order to obtain the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-26 Narakorn Kaewkhao , Thanyagamon Kanesom , Phongpichit Channuie

For a dynamical system defined by a singular Lagrangian, canonical Noether symmetries are characterized in terms of their commutation relations with the evolution operators of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. Separate…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Xavier Gracia , Josep M. Pons

The aim of this paper is twofold: First, we give a formal introduction to the basics of the mathematical framework of classical mechanics. Along the way, we prove a Hamiltonian and a Lagrangian version of Noether's Theorem, an important…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Yannis Bähni

Using a generalised Noether prescription we are able to extract all the currents and their conservation laws in space dependent shift symmetric theories. Various identities among the currents in the matter sector are found that form the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-27 Rabin Banerjee , Anwesha Chakraborty

This paper is devoted to studying symmetries of k-symplectic Hamiltonian and Lagrangian first-order classical field theories. In particular, we define symmetries and Cartan symmetries and study the problem of associating conservation laws…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-12-15 Narciso Román-Roy , Modesto Salgado , Silvia Vilariño

We report off-shell Noether currents obtained from off-shell Noether potentials for first-order general relativity described by $n$-dimensional Palatini and Holst Lagrangians including the cosmological constant. These off-shell currents and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-05 Merced Montesinos , Diego Gonzalez , Rodrigo Romero , Mariano Celada

Symmetries play a crucial role in physics and, in particular, the Noether symmetries are a useful tool both to select models motivated at a fundamental level, and to find exact solutions for specific Lagrangians. In this work, we consider…

We study Lagrangian systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom that are non-local in time. We obtain an extension of Noether theorem and Noether identities to this kind of Lagrangians. A Hamiltonian formalism is then set up for this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-18 Carlos Heredia , Josep Llosa

We consider Noether symmetries within Hamiltonian setting as transformations that preserve Poincar\'e-Cartan form, i.e., as symmetries of characteristic line bundles of nondegenerate 1-forms. In the case when the Poincar\'e-Cartan form is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-08-30 Bozidar Jovanovic

We give a comprehensive review of various methods to define currents and the energy-momentum tensor in classical field theory, with emphasis on a geometric point of view. The necessity of ``improving'' the expressions provided by the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Michael Forger , Hartmann Römer

We review the geometric formulation of the second Noether's theorem in time-dependent mechanics. The commutation relations between the dynamics on the final constraint manifold and the infinitesimal generator of a symmetry are studied. We…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jose F Carinena , Joan-Andreu Lazaro-Cami , Eduardo Martinez

Most physical systems are modelled by an ordinary or a partial differential equation, like the n-body problem in celestial mechanics. In some cases, for example when studying the long term behaviour of the solar system or for complex…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Jacky Cresson , Sébastien Darses

This paper deals with conservation laws for mechanical systems with nonholonomic constraints. It uses a Lagrangian formulation of nonholonomic systems and a Cartan form approach. We present what we believe to be the most general relations…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-07-18 M. Crampin , T. Mestdag

The time dependent-integrals of motion, linear in position and momentum operators, of a quantum system are extracted from Noether's theorem prescription by means of special time-dependent variations of coordinates. For the stationary case…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 O. Castaños , R. López-Peña , V. I. Man'ko

We determine the Lie point symmetries of the Schr\"{o}dinger and the Klein Gordon equations in a general Riemannian space. It is shown that these symmetries are related with the homothetic and the conformal algebra of the metric of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-09-09 Andronikos Paliathanasis , Michael Tsamparlis

We present new relations derived from Noether's identity that reveal the compatibility between the components of the Hessian matrix of the Lagrangian, the infinitesimal symmetry transformation of the configuration variables and time, and a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Merced Montesinos , Diego Gonzalez , Jorge Meza

We examine the assumptions behind Noether's theorem connecting symmetries and conservation laws. To compare classical and quantum versions of this theorem, we take an algebraic approach. In both classical and quantum mechanics, observables…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 John C. Baez

Three objections to the canonical analytical treatment of covariant electromagnetic theory are presented: (i) only half of Maxwell's equations are present upon variation of the fundamental Lagrangian; (ii) the trace of the canonical…

Classical Physics · Physics 2016-08-26 Mark Robert Baker

The aim of this note is to discuss the relation between one-parameter continuous symmetries of the dynamics, defined on physical grounds, and conservation laws. In the Hamiltonian formulation, such symmetries of the dynamics in general…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Franco Strocchi
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