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Normalized eigenvalue counting measure of the sum of two Hermitian (or real symmetric) matrices $A_{n}$ and $B_{n}$ rotated independently with respect to each other by the random unitary (or orthogonal) Haar distributed matrix $U_{n}$ (i.e.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-08-15 L. Pastur , V. Vasilchuk

In this paper, we derive new relative perturbation bounds for eigenvectors and eigenvalues for regular quadratic eigenvalue problems of the form $\lambda^2 M x + \lambda C x + K x = 0$, where $M$ and $K$ are nonsingular Hermitian matrices…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Peter Benner , Xin Liang , Suzana Miodragović , Ninoslav Truhar

We consider $N\times N$ Hermitian random matrices with i.i.d. entries. The matrix is normalized so that the average spacing between consecutive eigenvalues is of order $1/N$. We study the connection between eigenvalue statistics on…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-06-25 László Erdős , Benjamin Schlein , Horng-Tzer Yau

Inhomogeneous random matrices with non-trivial variance profiles determined by symmetric stochastic matrices and with independent sub-Gaussian entries up to Hermitian symmetry, encompass a wide range of important models, including sparse…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Ruohan Geng , Dang-Zheng Liu , Guangyi Zou

Eigenvalue and eigenvector perturbation theory is a fundamental topic in several disciplines, including numerical linear algebra, quantum physics, and related fields. The central problem is to understand how the eigenvalues and eigenvectors…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Francesco Hrobat , Yuji Nakatsukasa

We study the overlaps between eigenvectors of nonnormal matrices. They quantify the stability of the spectrum, and characterize the joint eigenvalues increments under Dyson-type dynamics. Well known work by Chalker and Mehlig calculated the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Paul Bourgade , Guillaume Dubach

We study $N \times N$ random band matrices $H = (H_{xy})$ with mean-zero complex Gaussian entries, where $x,y$ lie on the discrete torus $(\mathbb{Z} / \sqrt[d]{N} \mathbb{Z})^d$ in dimensions $d \ge 3$. The variance profile satisfies…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Sofiia Dubova , Fan Yang , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

We consider Hermitian random band matrices $H=(h_{xy})$ on the $d$-dimensional lattice $(\mathbb Z/L\mathbb Z)^d$. The entries $h_{xy}$ are independent (up to Hermitian conditions) centered complex Gaussian random variables with variances…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-15 Fan Yang , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

We consider the following data perturbation model, where the covariates incur multiplicative errors. For two $n \times m$ random matrices $U, X$, we denote by $U \circ X$ the Hadamard or Schur product, which is defined as $(U \circ X)_{ij}…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-07 Shuheng Zhou

Using numerical exact diagonalization, we study matrix elements of a local spin operator in the eigenbasis of two different nonintegrable quantum spin chains. Our emphasis is on the question to what extent local operators can be represented…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-27 Jonas Richter , Anatoly Dymarsky , Robin Steinigeweg , Jochen Gemmer

Suppose $X$ is an $N \times n$ complex matrix whose entries are centered, independent, and identically distributed random variables with variance $1/n$ and whose fourth moment is of order ${\mathcal O}(n^{-2})$. In the first part of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-30 Arup Bose , Walid Hachem

This text is about spiked models of non Hermitian random matrices. More specifically, we consider matrices of the type $A+P$, where the rank of $P$ stays bounded as the dimension goes to infinity and where the matrix $A$ is a non Hermitian…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-04-28 Florent Benaych-Georges , Jean Rochet

We study statistical properties of the eigenvectors of non-Hermitian random matrices, concentrating on Ginibre's complex Gaussian ensemble, in which the real and imaginary parts of each element of an N x N matrix, J, are independent random…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 J. T. Chalker , B. Mehlig

We consider the random Hermitian matrix model of dimension $2n$, with external source, defined by the probability density function \begin{equation*} \frac{1}{Z_{2n}} \lvert \det(M) \rvert^{\alpha} e^{-2n\mathrm{Tr} (V(M) - AM)}, \quad V(x)…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Dong Wang , Shuai-Xia Xu

Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ random matrix with independent rows $R_1(A),\dots,R_n(A)$, and assume that for any $i\leq n$ and any three-dimensional linear subspace $F\subset {\mathbb R}^n$ the orthogonal projection of $R_i(A)$ onto $F$ has…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Konstantin Tikhomirov

The study of eigenvalue distributions in random matrix theory is often conducted by analyzing the resolvent matrix $ \mathbf{G}_{\mathbf{M}}^N(z) = (z \mathbf{1} - \mathbf{M})^{-1} $. The normalized trace of the resolvent, known as the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Pierre Bousseyroux , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud , Marc Potters

We consider a $p$-dimensional time series where the dimension $p$ increases with the sample size $n$. The resulting data matrix $X$ follows a stochastic volatility model: each entry consists of a positive random volatility term multiplied…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-15 Johannes Heiny , Thomas Mikosch

We consider the smallest eigenvalues of perturbed Hermitian operators with zero modes, either topological or system specific. To leading order for small generic perturbation we show that the corresponding eigenvalues broaden to a Gaussian…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-15 M. Kieburg , A. Mielke , K. Splittorff

The performance of spectral clustering relies on the fluctuations of the entries of the eigenvectors of a similarity matrix, which has been left uncharacterized until now. In this letter, it is shown that the signal $+$ noise structure of a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Hugo Lebeau , Florent Chatelain , Romain Couillet

It is known that in various random matrix models, large perturbations create outlier eigenvalues which lie, asymptotically, in the complement of the support of the limiting spectral density. This paper is concerned with fluctuations of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Anand B. Rajagopalan
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