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A fundamental problem in artificial intelligence is that nobody really knows what intelligence is. The problem is especially acute when we need to consider artificial systems which are significantly different to humans. In this paper we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Shane Legg , Marcus Hutter

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have been strongly driven by the use of game environments for training and evaluating agents. Games are often accessible and versatile, with well-defined state-transitions and goals allowing for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Benjamin Beyret , José Hernández-Orallo , Lucy Cheke , Marta Halina , Murray Shanahan , Matthew Crosby

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a digital technology that will be of major importance for the development of humanity in the near future. AI has raised fundamental questions about what we should do with such systems, what the systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Vincent C. Müller

The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems exhibiting complex and seemingly agentive behaviours necessitates a critical philosophical examination of their agency, autonomy, and moral status. In this paper we undertake a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Paul Formosa , Inês Hipólito , Thomas Montefiore

To make deliberate progress towards more intelligent and more human-like artificial systems, we need to be following an appropriate feedback signal: we need to be able to define and evaluate intelligence in a way that enables comparisons…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-26 François Chollet

Natural Immune system plays a vital role in the survival of the all living being. It provides a mechanism to defend itself from external predates making it consistent systems, capable of adapting itself for survival incase of changes. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-03-11 Tejbanta Singh Chingtham , G. Sahoo , M. K. Ghose

The impact of Artificial Intelligence does not depend only on fundamental research and technological developments, but for a large part on how these systems are introduced into society and used in everyday situations. AI is changing the way…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Virginia Dignum

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an effective science which employs strong enough approaches, methods, and techniques to solve unsolvable real world based problems. Because of its unstoppable rise towards the future, there are also some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Alice Pavaloiu , Utku Kose

AI technology has a long history which is actively and constantly changing and growing. It focuses on intelligent agents, which contain devices that perceive the environment and based on which takes actions in order to maximize goal success…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Jahanzaib Shabbir , Tarique Anwer

The goal of Artificial Intelligence based systems is to take decisions that have an effect in their environment and impact society. This points out to the necessity of mechanism that regulate the impact of this type of system in society.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Sofía Trejo , Ivan Meza , Fernanda López-Escobedo

Current measures of machine intelligence are either difficult to evaluate or lack the ability to test a robot's problem-solving capacity in open worlds. We propose a novel evaluation framework based on the formal notion of MacGyver Test…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-28 Vasanth Sarathy , Matthias Scheutz

Biological intelligence is inherently adaptive -- animals continually adjust their actions based on environmental feedback. However, creating adaptive artificial intelligence (AI) remains a major challenge. The next frontier is to go beyond…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-06 Mackenzie Weygandt Mathis

The current work addresses a virtual environment with self-replicating agents whose decisions are based on a form of "somatic computation" (soma - body) in which basic emotional responses, taken in parallelism to actual living organisms,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-10 Carlos Pedro Gonçalves

Building autonomous -- i.e., choosing goals based on one's needs -- and adaptive -- i.e., surviving in ever-changing environments -- agents has been a holy grail of artificial intelligence (AI). A living organism is a prime example of such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Sungwoo Lee , Younghyun Oh , Hyunhoe An , Hyebhin Yoon , Karl J. Friston , Seok Jun Hong , Choong-Wan Woo

The proliferation of machine learning and artificial intelligence redefines the interaction between the anthropogenic and natural elements of our habitat.The use of monitoring tools, processing facilities and the internet of things supports…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Francesca Larosa , Daniel Depellegrin , Andrea Conte , Marco Molinari , Silvia Santato , Adam Wickberg , Fermin Mallor , Anna Sperotto

In this paper we discuss how systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can undergo safety assessment. This is relevant, if AI is used in safety related applications. Taking a deeper look into AI models, we show, that many models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Jens Braband , Hendrik Schäbe

Without an agreed-upon definition of intelligence, asking "is this system intelligent?"" is an untestable question. This lack of consensus hinders research, and public perception, on Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly since the rise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Warisa Sritriratanarak , Paulo Garcia

Can reproduction alone in the context of survival produce intelligence in our machines? In this work, self-replication is explored as a mechanism for the emergence of intelligent behavior in modern learning environments. By focusing purely…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Samuel Schmidgall , Joseph Hays

Robotic systems that are intended to augment human capabilities commonly require the use of semi-autonomous control and artificial sensing, while at the same time aiming to empower the user to make decisions and take actions. This work…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shivani Guptasarma , Monroe Kennedy

There is no agreed definition of intelligence, so it is problematic to simply ask whether brains, swarms, computers, or other systems are intelligent or not. To compare the potential intelligence exhibited by different cognitive systems, I…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Carlos Gershenson