Related papers: Atmospheric Lepton Fluxes
Our knowledge of the neutrino sector of the Standard Model has recently undergone a revolution. Deficits of the atmospheric muon neutrino flux and the solar electron neutrino flux compared to their predicted values can be understood in…
Extremely high energy (EHE) neutrinos (with energies above $10^7$ GeV) are produced in interactions of the highest energy cosmic rays. A primary contribution to the EHE neutrino flux is expected from so-called cosmogenic neutrinos produced…
We consider the ``standard'' spectrum of the active neutrinos (characterized by strong mass hierarchy and small mixing) with additional sterile neutrino, $\nu_s$. The sterile neutrino mixes strongly with the muon neutrino, so that…
Astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos are important probes of the powerful accelerators that produce cosmic-rays with EeV energies. Understanding these accelerators is a key goal of neutrino observatories, along with searches for…
Recent observations of variability in the ``atmospheric neutrino'' rate place constraints on possible explanations of the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. Many proposed solutions to the problem are static and can not be adapted to the temporal…
By exploiting differences in muon lifetimes it is possible to distinguish $\nu_{\mu}$ from $\bar{\nu_{\mu}}$ charged current interactions in underground neutrino detectors. Such observations would be a useful tool in understanding the…
Atmospheric neutrinos arise from the decay of particles (primarily pions, muons and kaons) produced in the collision of high energy cosmic ray particles with the atmosphere. The great distances traveled by atmospheric neutrinos between…
Atmospheric neutrinos (ATNs) offer a paradigm for understanding neutrino properties, while it is critical to quantify uncertainties in flux modeling. Since ATNs are produced simultaneously with cosmic ray muons, precision measurements of…
A short introduction summarizes the experimental high energy field of neutrino oscillations and the oscillation notations. Then the results obtained by experiments on atmospheric neutrino oscillations are summarized and discussed. At the…
Ongoing experimental efforts to detect cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos are guided by the expectation that astrophysical accelerators of cosmic ray protons would also generate neutrinos through interactions with ambient matter and/or…
Atmospheric muons play an important role in underwater/ice neutrino detectors. In this paper, a parameterisation of the flux of single and multiple muon events, their lateral distribution and of their energy spectrum is presented. The…
Many galactic and extragalactic astrophysical sources are currently considered promising candidates as high energy neutrino emitters. Astrophysical neutrinos can be detected as upward-going muons produced in charged-current interactions…
We present a new measurement of air shower muons made during atmospheric ascent of the High Energy Antimatter Telescope balloon experiment. The muon charge ratio mu+ / mu- is presented as a function of atmospheric depth in the momentum…
The IceCube neutrino observatory measures the diffuse flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by means of various techniques, and there exists a mild tension between spectra obtained in different analyses. The spectrum derived from…
The flux of low energy atmospheric neutrinos (E_nu ~ 4 GeV) has been studied with the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso by detecting nu_mu interactions inside the apparatus, and by upward-going stopping muons. The updated analysis of the data…
We present in this paper a calculation of the hadronic flux in the atmosphere. Using an iterative leading particle model and the Glauber model, we relate the moment of the leading particle distribution in nucleon-air collisions with the…
New measurements of the cosmic ray fluxes (p, e+, e- and Helium) performed by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during a ten days flight of space shuttle have revealed the existence of significant fluxes of particles below the…
Cosmic-rays interacting with nucleons in the solar atmosphere produce a cascade of particles that give rise to a flux of high-energy neutrinos and gamma-rays. Fermi has observed this gamma-ray flux; however, the associated neutrino flux has…
We explore the low energy neutrinos from stopped cosmic ray muons in the Earth. Based on the muon intensity at the sea level and the muon energy loss rate, the depth distributions of stopped muons in the rock and sea water can be derived.…
We revisit the estimate of the charm particle contribution to the atmospheric neutrino flux that is expected to dominate at high energies because long-lived high-energy pions and kaons interact in the atmosphere before decaying into…