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We introduce a new class of pseudoprimes. In this work we characterize Midy pseudoprimes, give some of their properties and established interesting connections with other known pseudoprimes, in particular we show that every divisor of a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-08 John H. Castillo , Gilberto García-Pulgarín , Juan Miguel Velásquez-Soto

We introduce a new class of pseudoprimes-so called "overpseudoprimes to base $b$", which is a subclass of strong pseudoprimes to base $b$. Denoting via $|b|_n$ the multiplicative order of $b$ modulo $n$, we show that a composite $n$ is…

In the present paper we construct normal numbers in base $q$ by concatenating $q$-ary expansions of pseudo polynomials evaluated at the primes. This extends a recent result by Tichy and the author.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-11 Manfred G. Madritsch

Let $\psi_m$ be the smallest strong pseudoprime to the first $m$ prime bases. This value is known for $1 \leq m \leq 11$. We extend this by finding $\psi_{12}$ and $\psi_{13}$. We also present an algorithm to find all integers $n\le B$ that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-16 Jonathan P. Sorenson , Jonathan Webster

Define $\psi_m$ to be the smallest strong pseudoprime to the first $m$ prime bases. The exact value of $\psi_m$ is known for $1\le m \le 8$. Z. Zhang have found a 19-decimal-digit number $Q_{11}=3825\,12305\,65464\,13051$ which is a strong…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-03 Yupeng Jiang , Yingpu Deng

In this work, we add an additional condition to strong pseudo prime test to base 2. Then, we provide theoretical and heuristics evidences showing that the resulting algorithm catches all composite numbers. Our method is based on the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-17 Kubra Nari , Enver Ozdemir , Neslihan Aysen Ozkirisci

Natural numbers which are nontrivial multiples of some permutation of their base-$b$ digit representations are called permutiples. Specific cases include numbers which are multiples of cyclic permutations (cyclic numbers) and reversals of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-10 Benjamin V. Holt

An $x$-pseudopower to base $g$ is a positive integer which is not a power of $g$ yet is so modulo $p$ for all primes $p\le x$. We improve an upper bound for the least such number due to E. Bach, R. Lukes, J. Shallit, and H. C. Williams. The…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Sergei V. Konyagin , Carl Pomerance , Igor E. Shparlinski

We prove that an odd number is an Euler pseudoprime for exactly one half of the admissible bases if and only if it is a special Carmichael number.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-09-19 Lorenzo Di Biagio

Carmichael showed for sufficiently large $L$, that $F_L$ has at least one prime divisor that is $\pm 1({\rm mod}\, L)$. For a given $F_L$, we will show that a product of distinct odd prime divisors with that congruence condition is a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Junhyun Lim , Shaunak Mashalkar , Edward F. Schaefer

Fractions $\frac{p}{q} \in [0,1)$ with prime denominator $q$ written in decimal have a curious property described by Midy's Theorem, namely that two halves of their period (if it is of even length $2n$) sum up to $10^n-1$. A number of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Zuzana Masáková , Edita Pelantová

We establish a necessary condition for pseudoprimality and a sufficient condition for primality of Fermat numbers, based on a congruence involving the exponent $(F_n-1)/4$. Moreover, in connection with P\'epin's primality test, we obtain a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Paolo Starni

Assuming a $q$-variant of the prime $k$-tuple conjecture uniformly, we compute mixed moments of the number of primes in disjoint short intervals and progressions, respectively. This involves estimating the mean of singular series along…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Sun-Kai Leung

We consider several problems about pseudoprimes. First, we look at the issue of their distribution in residue classes. There is a literature on this topic in the case that the residue class is coprime to the modulus. Here we provide some…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Carl Pomerance , Samuel S. Wagstaff

In the present paper the authors construct normal numbers in base $q$ by concatenating $q$-adic expansions of prime powers $\lfloor\alpha p^\theta\rfloor$ with $\alpha>0$ and $\theta>1$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-22 Manfred G. Madritsch , Robert F. Tichy

Prime numbers are fascinating by the way they appear in the set of natural numbers. Despite several results enlighting us about their repartition, the set of prime numbers is often informally qualified as misterious. In the present paper,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Arnaud Mayeux

Given a real number $0.a_1a_2 a_3\dots$ that is normal to base $b$, we examine increasing sequences $n_i$ so that the number $0.a_{n_1}a_{n_2}a_{n_3}\dots$ are normal to base $b$. Classically it is known that if the $n_i$ form an arithmetic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-14 Joseph Vandehey

Every natural number greater than two may be written as the sum of a prime and a square-free number. We establish several generalisations of this, by placing divisibility conditions on the square-free number.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-12 Forrest J. Francis , Ethan S. Lee

In this paper, a new formula for {\pi}^(2)(N) is formulated, it is a function that counts the number of semi-primes not exceeding a given number N. A semi-prime is a natural number that is the product of precisely two prime numbers, the two…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Suyash Garg

A Generalized Numeration Base is defined in this paper, and then particular cases are presented, such as Prime Base, Square Base, m-Power Base, Factorial Base, and operations in these bases. These bases are important for partitions of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florentin Smarandache
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