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We present a prototype of an integrated reasoning environment for educational purposes. The presented tool is a fragment of a proof assistant and automated theorem prover. We describe the existing and planned functionality of the theorem…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Mario Frank , Christoph Kreitz

Elfe is an interactive system for teaching basic proof methods in discrete mathematics. The user inputs a mathematical text written in fair English which is converted to a special data-structure of first-order formulas. Certain proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Maximilian Doré , Krysia Broda

Providing feedback on programming assignments manually is a tedious, error prone, and time-consuming task. In this paper, we motivate and address the problem of generating feedback on performance aspects in introductory programming…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-09-18 Sumit Gulwani , Ivan Radiček , Florian Zuleger

Feedback on student answers and even during intermediate steps in their solutions to open-ended questions is an important element in math education. Such feedback can help students correct their errors and ultimately lead to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Mengxue Zhang , Zichao Wang , Richard Baraniuk , Andrew Lan

We present StepFun-Prover Preview, a large language model designed for formal theorem proving through tool-integrated reasoning. Using a reinforcement learning pipeline that incorporates tool-based interactions, StepFun-Prover can achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shijie Shang , Ruosi Wan , Yue Peng , Yutong Wu , Xiong-hui Chen , Jie Yan , Xiangyu Zhang

Correctness is one of the more important criteria of qualitative software. However, it is often taught in isolation and most students consider it only as an afterthought. They also do not receive sufficient feedback on code quality and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Steffen Dick , Christoph Bockisch , Harrie Passier , Lex Bijlsma , Ruurd Kuiper

Language model-based code completion models have quickly grown in use, helping thousands of developers write code in many different programming languages. However, research on code completion models typically focuses on imperative languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Tim van Dam , Frank van der Heijden , Philippe de Bekker , Berend Nieuwschepen , Marc Otten , Maliheh Izadi

Programming language definitions assign formal meaning to complete programs. Programmers, however, spend a substantial amount of time interacting with incomplete programs -- programs with holes, type inconsistencies and binding…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Cyrus Omar , Ian Voysey , Michael Hilton , Joshua Sunshine , Claire Le Goues , Jonathan Aldrich , Matthew A. Hammer

Reasoning is central to a wide range of intellectual activities, and while the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, their performance in reasoning tasks remains limited. The processes and mechanisms underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ippei Fujisawa , Sensho Nobe , Hiroki Seto , Rina Onda , Yoshiaki Uchida , Hiroki Ikoma , Pei-Chun Chien , Ryota Kanai

Reliability and failure detection of large language models (LLMs) is critical for their deployment in high-stakes, multi-step reasoning tasks. Prior work explores confidence estimation for self-evaluating LLM-scorer systems, with confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Vaibhav Mavi , Shubh Jaroria , Weiqi Sun

In the rapidly evolving educational landscape, the unbiased assessment of soft skills is a significant challenge, particularly in higher education. This paper presents a fuzzy logic approach that employs a Granular Linguistic Model of…

This paper presents the computational details of our emotion model, EEGS, and also provides an overview of a three-stage validation methodology used for the evaluation of our model, which can also be applicable for other computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Suman Ojha , Jonathan Vitale , Mary-Anne Williams

We introduce a new application for inductive logic programming: learning the semantics of programming languages from example evaluations. In this short paper, we explored a simplified task in this domain using the Metagol meta-interpretive…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Sándor Bartha , James Cheney

Automatically assessing handwritten mathematical solutions is an important problem in educational technology with practical applications, but it remains a significant challenge due to the diverse formats, unstructured layouts, and symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Thu Phuong Nguyen , Duc M. Nguyen , Hyotaek Jeon , Hyunwook Lee , Hyunmin Song , Sungahn Ko , Taehwan Kim

The idea of using unfolding as a way of computing a program semantics has been applied successfully to logic programs and has shown itself a powerful tool that provides concrete, implementable results, as its outcome is actually source…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-29 José María Rey-Poza , Julio Mariño-Carballo

We study program refactoring while considering the language or even the programming paradigm as a parameter. We use typed functional programs, namely Haskell programs, as the specification medium for a corresponding refactoring framework.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ralf Laemmel

Evaluating mathematical capabilities is critical for assessing the overall performance of large language models (LLMs). However, existing evaluation methods often focus solely on final answers, resulting in highly inaccurate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Shu-Xun Yang , Cunxiang Wang , Yidong Wang , Xiaotao Gu , Minlie Huang , Jie Tang

In this paper, we offer a guide for researchers on evaluating reasoning in language models, building the case that reasoning should be assessed through evidence of adaptive, multi-step search rather than final-answer accuracy alone. Under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Munachiso Samuel Nwadike , Zangir Iklassov , Kareem Ali , Rifo Genadi , Kentaro Inui

We present a novel approach for teaching logic and the metatheory of logic to students who have some experience with functional programming. We define concepts in logic as a series of functional programs in the language of the proof…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Frederik Krogsdal Jacobsen , Jørgen Villadsen

Automatic assessment of code, in particular to support education, is an important feature included in several Learning Management Systems (LMS), at least to some extent. Several kinds of assessments can be designed, such as exercises asking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Sébastien Combéfis , Guillaume de Moffarts