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The thesis proposes the problem of representation heterogeneity to emphasize the fact that heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of any representation, wherein, different observers encode different representations of the same target…
We propose a formal expansion of the transfer entropy to put in evidence irreducible sets of variables which provide information for the future state of each assigned target. Multiplets characterized by a large contribution to the expansion…
The Chapter starts with introductory information about quantitative linguistics notions, like rank--frequency dependence, Zipf's law, frequency spectra, etc. Similarities in distributions of words in texts with level occupation in quantum…
Judging the veracity of a sentence making one or more claims is an important and challenging problem with many dimensions. The recent FEVER task asked participants to classify input sentences as either SUPPORTED, REFUTED or NotEnoughInfo…
We investigate some well-known (and a few not-so-well-known) many-valued logics that have a small number (3 or 4) of truth values. For some of them we complain that they do not have any \emph{logical} use (despite their perhaps having some…
This paper considers the problem of appearance indication of useful acoustic signal in the signal/noise mixture. Various information characteristics (information entropy, Jensen-Shannon divergence, spectral information divergence and…
In light of Phillips' contention regarding the impracticality of Search Neutrality, asserting that non-epistemic factors presently dictate result prioritization, our objective in this study is to confront this constraint by questioning…
Broader disclosive transparency$-$truth and clarity in communication regarding the function of AI systems$-$is widely considered desirable. Unfortunately, it is a nebulous concept, difficult to both define and quantify. This is problematic,…
Information theory is a practical and theoretical framework developed for the study of communication over noisy channels. Its probabilistic basis and capacity to relate statistical structure to function make it ideally suited for studying…
High-order phenomena play crucial roles in many systems of interest, but their analysis is often highly nontrivial. There is a rich literature providing a number of alternative information-theoretic quantities capturing high-order…
Colors are used as effective tools of representing and transferring information. Number of colors in a palette is the direct arbiter of the information conveying capacity. Yet it should be well elaborated, since increasing the entropy by…
The methods used in the evaluation of the neutrino-nucleus cross section are reviewed. Results are shown for a variety of targets of practical importance. Many of the described reactions are accessible in future experiments with neutrino…
This paper proposes a set of criteria to evaluate the objectiveness of explanation methods of neural networks, which is crucial for the development of explainable AI, but it also presents significant challenges. The core challenge is that…
Visual representations are defined in terms of minimal sufficient statistics of visual data, for a class of tasks, that are also invariant to nuisance variability. Minimal sufficiency guarantees that we can store a representation in lieu of…
Real-world phenomena often exhibit vagueness, partial truth, and incomplete information. To model such uncertainty in a mathematically rigorous way, many generalized set-theoretic frameworks have been introduced, including Fuzzy Sets [1],…
This is the final version of a survey on many-valued logic to appear as Chapter 2 of Volume 1 ``Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision'' of a ``Handbook of Defensible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems'' to be…
Learning multimodal representations from medical images and other data sources can provide richer information for decision-making. While various multimodal models have been developed for this, they overlook learning features that are both…
In this book we introduce the plithogenic set (as generalization of crisp, fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, and neutrosophic sets), plithogenic logic (as generalization of classical, fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, and neutrosophic logics),…
We review with a tutorial scope the information theory foundations of quantum statistical physics. Only a small proportion of the variables that characterize a system at the microscopic scale can be controlled, for both practical and…
The explicit analytical expression of the Nonlinear Fourier Transform (NFT) of a finite set of data is provided. Then a simple recursion relation for the NFT is constructed as a function of the spectral parameter. These tools provide a…