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In this paper, we investigate semirings whose elements are either units or zero-divisors (nilpotents) with many examples. While comparing these semirings with their counterparts in ring theory, we observe that their behavior is different in…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Hussein Behzadipour , Henk Koppelaar , Peyman Nasehpour

For an element $a \in R$, let $\eta(a)=\{e\in R\mid e^2=e\mbox{ and }a-e\in \mbox{nil}(R)\}$. The nil clean index of $R$, denoted by NinA$(R)$, is defined as Nin$(R)=\sup \{\mid \eta(a)\mid: a\in R\}$. In this article we have characterized…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-02-09 Dhiren Kumar Basnet , Jayanta Bhattacharyya

A regular semigroup is weakly generated by a set X if it has no proper regular subsemigroups containing X. In this paper, we study the regular semigroups weakly generated by idempotents. We show there exists a regular semigroup FI(X) weakly…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-22 Luís Oliveira

Let $R$ be a finite ring with identity. The idempotent graph $I(R)$ is the graph whose vertex set consists of the non-trivial idempotent elements of $R$, where two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy = yx = 0$. The…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Felicia Servina Djuang , Indah Emilia Wijayanti , Yeni Susanti

We introduce and study the so-called {\it weakly $\sqrt{J}U$ rings} (hereafter abbreviated as {\it $W\sqrt{J}U$ rings} for short), in which every unit is of the form $j+1$ or $j-1$ for some $j$ in $\sqrt{J(R)} : = \{x \in R : x^n \in J(R)…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Zari Vesali Mahmood , Ahmad Moussavi , Peter Danchev

Let $R$ be a ring. An $R$-module $M$ is said to be a weak $w$-projective module if ${\rm Ext}_R^1(M,N)=0$ for all $N \in \mathcal{P}_{w}^{\dagger_\infty}$ (see, \cite{FLQ}). In this paper, we introduce and study some properties of weak…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-01-03 Refat Abdelmawla Khaled Assaad

In this work we attempt to generalize our result in [6] [7] for real rings (not just von Neumann regular real rings). In other words we attempt to characterize and construct real closure * of commutative unitary rings that are real. We also…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-12-07 Jose Capco

What are all rings $R$ for which $R^*$ (the group of invertible elements of $R$ under multiplication) is an elementary abelian $p$-group? We answer this question for finite-dimensional commutative $k$-algebras, finite commutative rings,…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Sunil K. Chebolu , Jeremy Corry , Elizabeth Grimm , Andrew Hatfield

We define when a noetherian ring R is called a right ( or a left) weakly krull symmetric ring . We then prove that if R is a right ( or a left ) krull homogenous ring then R is a right ( or a left ) weakly krull symmetric ring . This result…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-04-05 C. L. Wangneo

Let $R$ be a ring with unity. The clean graph $\text{Cl}(R)$ of a ring $R$ is the simple undirected graph whose vertices are of the form $(e,u)$, where $e$ is an idempotent element and $u$ is a unit of the ring $R$ and two vertices $(e,u)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Praveen Mathil , Jitender Kumar

In this paper, we give the definition of {\em weakly locally finite} division rings and we show that the class of these rings strictly contains the class of locally finite division rings. Further, we study multiplicative subgroups in these…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-05-21 Bui Xuan Hai , Mai Hoang Bien , Trinh Thanh Deo

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly $J$-ideals as a new generalization of $J$-ideals. We call a proper ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ a weakly $J$-ideal if whenever $a,b\in R$…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Hani A. Khashan , Ece Yetkin Celikel

In this survey article we outline the history of the twin theories of weak normality and seminormality for commutative rings and algebraic varieties with an emphasis on the recent developments in these theories over the past fifteen years.…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2009-06-19 Marie A. Vitulli

We introduce the class of sober rings and investigate it through several key results, highlighting connections to some other known classes of rings. We analyze sufficient conditions for a ring to be sober, as well as necessary conditions.…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Saeid Jafari , Ernesto Lax

We show that a ring $R$ is regular if $Tor_{i}^{R}(R^{+},k) = 0$ for some $i\geq 1$ assuming further that $R$ is a $\mathbb{N}$-graded ring of dimension $2$ finitely generated over an equi-characteristic zero field $k$. This answers a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Shravan Patankar

We extend the usual definition of coherence, for modules over rings, to partially ordered right modules over a large class of partially ordered rings, called po-rings. In this situation, coherence is equivalent to saying that solution…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Friedrich Wehrung

In this paper, new and significant advances on the understanding the structure of p.p. rings and their generalizations have been made. Especially among them, it is proved that a commutative ring $R$ is a generalized p.p. ring if and only if…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Abolfazl Tarizadeh

In this paper, we introduce a class of quasipolar rings which is a generalization of $J$-quasipolar rings. Let $R$ be a ring with identity. An element $a \in R$ is called {\it $\delta$-quasipolar} if there exists $p^2 = p\in comm^2(a)$ such…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-12-11 T. Pekacar Calci , S. Halicioglu , A. Harmanci

Herzog-Hibi-Hreind\'{o}ttir-Kahle-Rauh introduced the class of closed graph and they proved that the binomial edge ideal $J(G)$ of a graph $G$ has quadratic Gr\"{o}bner bases if $G$ is closed. In this paper, we introduce the class of weakly…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-08-07 Kazunori Matsuda

Let $R$ be a unital $*$-ring. For any $a,w,b\in R$, we apply the defined $w$-core inverse to define a new class of partial orders in $R$, called the $w$-core partial order. Suppose $a,b\in R$ are $w$-core invertible. We say that $a$ is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Huihui Zhu , Liyun Wu