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Optical character recognition (OCR) and multilingual text understanding remain major failure modes of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), particularly in real-world images containing cluttered layouts, small fonts, blur, occlusion,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Qinwu Xu , Yifan Jiang , Haoyu Ren

The Perso-Arabic scripts are a family of scripts that are widely adopted and used by various linguistic communities around the globe. Identifying various languages using such scripts is crucial to language technologies and challenging in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Sina Ahmadi , Milind Agarwal , Antonios Anastasopoulos

In academia, plagiarism is certainly not an emerging concern, but it became of a greater magnitude with the popularisation of the Internet and the ease of access to a worldwide source of content, rendering human-only intervention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Mehdi Abdelhamid , Faical Azouaou , Sofiane Batata

This paper presents a complete Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system for camera captured image/graphics embedded textual documents for handheld devices. At first, text regions are extracted and skew corrected. Then, these regions are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2011-09-16 Ayatullah Faruk Mollah , Nabamita Majumder , Subhadip Basu , Mita Nasipuri

This paper presents an Arabic Alphabet Sign Language recognition approach, using deep learning methods in conjunction with transfer learning and transformer-based models. We study the performance of the different variants on two publicly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Mazen Balat , Rewaa Awaad , Hend Adel , Ahmed B. Zaky , Salah A. Aly

Many languages have vast amounts of handwritten texts, such as ancient scripts about folktale stories and historical narratives or contemporary documents and letters. Digitization of those texts has various applications, such as daily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Ameer Majeed , Hossein Hassani

Recognition of ancient Tamil characters has always been a challenge for epigraphers. This is primarily because the language has evolved over the several centuries and the character set over this time has both expanded and diversified. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Lalitha Giridhar , Aishwarya Dharani and , Velmathi Guruviah

Optical character recognition (OCR) has advanced rapidly with the rise of vision-language models, yet evaluation has remained concentrated on a small cluster of high- and mid-resource scripts. We introduce GlotOCR Bench, a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Amir Hossein Kargaran , Nafiseh Nikeghbal , Jana Diesner , François Yvon , Hinrich Schütze

We train a bilingual Arabic-Hebrew language model using a transliterated version of Arabic texts in Hebrew, to ensure both languages are represented in the same script. Given the morphological, structural similarities, and the extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Aviad Rom , Kfir Bar

This survey offers a comprehensive overview of Large Language Models (LLMs) designed for Arabic language and its dialects. It covers key architectures, including encoder-only, decoder-only, and encoder-decoder models, along with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Malak Mashaabi , Shahad Al-Khalifa , Hend Al-Khalifa

Conventional optical character recognition (OCR) techniques segmented each character and then recognized. This made them prone to error in character segmentation, and devoid of context to exploit language models. Advances in sequence to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Shashank Vempati , Nishit Anand , Gaurav Talebailkar , Arpan Garai , Chetan Arora

Documents are a core part of many businesses in many fields such as law, finance, and technology among others. Automatic understanding of documents such as invoices, contracts, and resumes is lucrative, opening up many new avenues of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Nishant Subramani , Alexandre Matton , Malcolm Greaves , Adrian Lam

Building dialogues systems interaction has recently gained considerable attention, but most of the resources and systems built so far are tailored to English and other Indo-European languages. The need for designing systems for other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-05-13 AbdelRahim A. Elmadany , Sherif M. Abdou , Mervat Gheith

Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) is an essential communication method for individuals in the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing community. However, existing recognition systems face significant challenges due to their reliance on single sensor approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ghadeer Alanazi , Abir Benabid

This paper presents our methodology and findings from three tasks across Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Document Layout Analysis using advanced deep learning techniques. First, for the historical Hebrew fragments of the Dead Sea…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hylke Westerdijk , Ben Blankenborg , Khondoker Ittehadul Islam

Despite its significance, Arabic, a linguistically rich and morphologically complex language, faces the challenge of being under-resourced. The scarcity of large annotated datasets hampers the development of accurate tools for subjectivity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Slimane Bellaouar , Attia Nehar , Soumia Souffi , Mounia Bouameur

The Arabic language has undergone notable transformations over time, including the emergence of new vocabulary, the obsolescence of others, and shifts in word usage. This evolution is evident in the distinction between the classical and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zainab Alhathloul , Irfan Ahmad

Judeo-Arabic refers to Arabic variants historically spoken by Jewish communities across the Arab world, primarily during the Middle Ages. Unlike standard Arabic, it is written in Hebrew script by Jewish writers and for Jewish audiences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Juan Moreno Gonzalez , Bashar Alhafni , Nizar Habash

Despite the significant success in the field of text recognition, complex and unsolved problems still exist in this field. In recent years, the recognition accuracy of the English language has greatly increased, while the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Sergey A. Ilyuhin , Alexander V. Sheshkus , Vladimir L. Arlazarov

This paper presents a comparative analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) and traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems on Urdu newspapers, addressing challenges posed by complex multi-column layouts, low-resolution scans,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Samee Arif , Sualeha Farid