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The composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is an important issue in astroparticle physics research, and additional experimental results are required for further progress. Here we investigate what can be learned from the statistical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-03-19 Patrick Younk , Markus Risse

Some recent precision experiments in low energy muon physics are discussed. Spectroscopy on the muonium atom, the bound state of a positve muon and an electron, has provided precise tests of standard theory and yielded most precise values…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-09-08 Klaus P. Jungmann

We study the mechanism and probability of in-medium hadronization in the deconfined medium produced in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. We show the likelihood of color-neutral objects to be formed inside the partonic fireball and the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-21 R. Bellwied , C. Markert

The average number of muons in air showers and its connection with shower development has been studied extensively in the past. With the upcoming detector upgrades, UHECR observatories will be able to probe higher moments of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 Lorenzo Cazon , Ruben Conceição , Miguel Alexandre Martins , Felix Riehn

We report the higher order moments of the net-charge multiplicity distributions for the Au+Au collisions at \sNN = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV in the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). The energy…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Nihar Ranjan Sahoo

Extensive air showers produce high-energy muons that can be utilized to probe hadronic interaction models in cosmic ray interactions. Most muons originate from pion and kaon decays, called $\textit{conventional}$ muons, while a smaller…

The characteristics of the partial nuclear muon capture with massive left-handed Dirac neutrino and relativistic component of the muon wave function have been derived. The multipole amplitudes are given as a function of neutrino mass…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Ciechanowicz , Z. Oziewicz , N. Popov

We review the most important experimental results from the first three years of nucleus-nucleus collision studies at RHIC, with emphasis on results from the STAR experiment, and we assess their interpretation and comparison to theory. The…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-09-29 STAR Collaboration , J. Adams

We present measurements by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC of di-hadron pair production in \dAu collisions where the particles in the pair are varied across a wide range of pseudorapidity, out to $\eta = 3.8$. With di-hadrons, varying the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-05-30 Mickey Chiu

Energy levels of a two-body atomic system in an external homogeneous magnetic field can be presented in terms of magnetic moments of their components, however, those magnetic moments being related to bound particles differ from their free…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 S. G. Karshenboim , V. G. Ivanov

Using optical theorem within sophisticated fits for exclusive hadronic productions in $e^+e^-$ collisions the interference between leptonic and hadronic vacuum polarization functions is considered and applied for calculation of $\mu-$pair…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-26 Vladimir Sauli

We present the result of a search for correlations in the arrival times of high energy muons collected from 1995 till 2000 with the streamer tube system of the complete MACRO detector at the underground Gran Sasso Lab. Large samples of…

An instructional laboratory experiment to measure the muon mass is described. Using coincidence-anticoincidence detection, the decay of a cosmic-ray muon into an electron (or positron) is observed in a multiplate spark chamber, and recorded…

Physics Education · Physics 2010-02-05 Benjamin Brau , Christopher May , Robert Ormond , John Essick

We discuss the possibility to observe hadron modification in hot and dense matter via the correlation of identical particles. We find that a modification of hadronic masses in medium leads to two-mode squeezing which signals itself in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 M. Asakawa , T. Csorgo

Advances in accelerator technology have led to significant improvements in the quality of muon beams over the past decades. Investigations of the muon and muonium enable precise measurements of fundamental constants, as well as searches for…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-05-18 Siyuan Chen , Mingchen Sun , Jian Tang

We present various order moments (Variance ($\sigma^2$), Skewness($S$), Kurtosis($\kappa$)) of net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions from the first phase of RHIC beam energy scan ({\sNN}=7.7$-$200 GeV). The measurements…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Xiaofeng Luo

The muonium atom is the purely leptonic bound state of a positive muon and an electron. It has a lifetime of 2.2 $\mu$s. The absence of any known internal structure provides for precision experiments to test fundamental physics theories and…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-08-03 Klaus P. Jungmann

Polarized proton collisions will be studied at RHIC up to a total center of mass energy of 500 GeV, starting in 2002. An overview of the RHIC-spin program, and the critical components of the PHENIX and STAR detectors for spin experiments,…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 L. C. Bland

The MUonE experiment aims at providing a new independent evaluation of the leading hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. The proposed method is based on the measurement of the running of the QED coupling in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-01 A. Gurgone

We present results of analyses of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV measured in the STAR detector as part of the RHIC Beam Energy Scan program. The extracted…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-07-15 STAR Collaboration , L. Adamczyk , J. K. Adkins , G. Agakishiev , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , I. Alekseev , J. Alford , C. D. Anson , A. Aparin , D. Arkhipkin , E. C. Aschenauer , G. S. Averichev , A. Banerjee , D. R. Beavis , R. Bellwied , A. Bhasin , A. K. Bhati , P. Bhattarai , H. Bichsel , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , L. C. Bland , I. G. Bordyuzhin , W. Borowski , J. Bouchet , A. V. Brandin , S. G. Brovko , S. Bültmann , I. Bunzarov , T. P. Burton , J. Butterworth , H. Caines , M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez , D. Cebra , R. Cendejas , M. C. Cervantes , P. Chaloupka , Z. Chang , S. Chattopadhyay , H. F. Chen , J. H. Chen , L. Chen , J. Cheng , M. Cherney , A. Chikanian , W. Christie , J. Chwastowski , M. J. M. Codrington , G. Contin , J. G. Cramer , H. J. Crawford , X. Cui , S. Das , A. Davila Leyva , L. C. De Silva , R. R. Debbe , T. G. Dedovich , J. Deng , A. A. Derevschikov , R. Derradi de Souza , S. Dhamija , B. di Ruzza , L. Didenko , C. Dilks , F. Ding , P. Djawotho , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , J. E. Draper , C. M. Du , L. E. Dunkelberger , J. C. Dunlop , L. G. Efimov , J. Engelage , K. S. Engle , G. Eppley , L. Eun , O. Evdokimov , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , S. Fazio , J. Fedorisin , P. Filip , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , C. E. Flores , C. A. Gagliardi , D. R. Gangadharan , D. Garand , F. Geurts , A. Gibson , M. Girard , S. Gliske , L. Greiner , D. Grosnick , D. S. Gunarathne , Y. Guo , A. Gupta , S. Gupta , W. Guryn , B. Haag , A. Hamed , L-X. Han , R. Haque , J. W. Harris , S. Heppelmann , A. Hirsch , G. W. Hoffmann , D. J. Hofman , S. Horvat , B. Huang , H. Z. Huang , X. Huang , P. Huck , T. J. Humanic , G. Igo , W. W. Jacobs , H. Jang , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , A. Kesich , Z. H. Khan , D. P. Kikola , I. Kisel , A. Kisiel , D. D. Koetke , T. Kollegger , J. Konzer , I. Koralt , L. K. Kosarzewski , L. Kotchenda , A. F. Kraishan , P. Kravtsov , K. Krueger , I. Kulakov , L. Kumar , R. A. Kycia , M. A. C. Lamont , J. M. Landgraf , K. D. Landry , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , J. H. Lee , M. J. LeVine , C. Li , W. Li , X. Li , X. Li , Y. Li , Z. M. Li , M. A. Lisa , F. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , M. Lomnitz , R. S. Longacre , X. Luo , G. L. Ma , Y. G. Ma , D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Don , D. P. Mahapatra , R. Majka , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. Masui , H. S. Matis , D. McDonald , T. S. McShane , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , D. A. Morozov , M. K. Mustafa , B. K. Nandi , Md. Nasim , T. K. Nayak , J. M. Nelson , G. Nigmatkulov , L. V. Nogach , S. Y. Noh , J. Novak , S. B. Nurushev , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , K. Oh , A. Ohlson , V. Okorokov , E. W. Oldag , D. L. Olvitt , M. Pachr , B. S. Page , S. K. Pal , Y. X. Pan , Y. Pandit , Y. Panebratsev , T. Pawlak , B. Pawlik , H. Pei , C. Perkins , W. Peryt , P. Pile , M. Planinic , J. Pluta , N. Poljak , K. Poniatowska , J. Porter , A. M. Poskanzer , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , P. R. Pujahari , J. Putschke , H. Qiu , A. Quintero , S. Ramachandran , R. Raniwala , S. Raniwala , R. L. Ray , C. K. Riley , H. G. Ritter , J. B. Roberts , O. V. Rogachevskiy , J. L. Romero , J. F. Ross , A. Roy , L. Ruan , J. Rusnak , O. Rusnakova , N. R. Sahoo , P. K. Sahu , I. Sakrejda , S. Salur , J. Sandweiss , E. Sangaline , A. Sarkar , J. Schambach , R. P. Scharenberg , A. M. Schmah , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , J. Seger , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , E. Shahaliev , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , B. Sharma , W. Q. Shen , S. S. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , R. N. Singaraju , M. J. Skoby , D. Smirnov , N. Smirnov , D. Solanki , P. Sorensen , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , J. R. Stevens , R. Stock , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , M. Sumbera , X. Sun , X. M. Sun , Y. Sun , Z. Sun , B. Surrow , D. N. Svirida , T. J. M. Symons , M. A. Szelezniak , J. Takahashi , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , T. Tarnowsky , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , M. Tokarev , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , B. A. Trzeciak , O. D. Tsai , J. Turnau , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , G. Van Buren , G. van Nieuwenhuizen , M. Vandenbroucke , J. A. Vanfossen, , R. Varma , G. M. S. Vasconcelos , A. N. Vasiliev , R. Vertesi , F. Videbæk , Y. P. Viyogi , S. Vokal , A. Vossen , M. Wada , F. Wang , G. Wang , H. Wang , J. S. Wang , X. L. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , G. Webb , J. C. Webb , G. D. Westfall , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , Y. F. Wu , Z. Xiao , W. Xie , K. Xin , H. Xu , J. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. Xu , Z. Xu , W. Yan , C. Yang , Y. Yang , Y. Yang , Z. Ye , P. Yepes , L. Yi , K. Yip , I-K. Yoo , N. Yu , Y. Zawisza , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , J. B. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , S. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , F. Zhao , J. Zhao , C. Zhong , X. Zhu , Y. H. Zhu , Y. Zoulkarneeva , M. Zyzak