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Let $X$ be a real $(\beta=1)$ or complex $(\beta=2)$ Ginibre ensemble. Let $\{\sigma_i\}_{1\le i\le n}$ be the eigenvalues of $X,$ and $Z_n$ be some rescaled version of $\max_i \Re \sigma_i.$ It was proved that $Z_n$ converges weakly to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Xinchen Hu , Yutao Ma

We establish large deviation principles for the extremal eigenvalues of the Ginibre ensembles with good rate functions. In contrast to the typical estimates for the extremal eigenvalues, the large deviations for the real Ginibre ensemble…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Yuanyuan Xu , Qiang Zeng

A generalisation of the Ginibre ensemble of non-Hermitian random square matrices is introduced. The corresponding probability measure is induced by the ensemble of rectangular Gaussian matrices via a quadratisation procedure. We derive the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 J. Fischmann , W. Bruzda , B. A. Khoruzhenko , H. -J. Sommers , K. Zyczkowski

Statistical properties of non--symmetric real random matrices of size $M$, obtained as truncations of random orthogonal $N\times N$ matrices are investigated. We derive an exact formula for the density of eigenvalues which consists of two…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-10-21 Boris A. Khoruzhenko , Hans-Juergen Sommers , Karol Zyczkowski

We consider random n\times n matrices of the form (XX*+YY*)^{-1/2}YY*(XX*+YY*)^{-1/2}, where X and Y have independent entries with zero mean and variance one. These matrices are the natural generalization of the Gaussian case, which are…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-05 Laszlo Erdos , Brendan Farrell

We consider the density of complex eigenvalues, $\rho(z)$, and the associated mean eigenvector self-overlaps, $\mathcal{O}(z)$, at the spectral edge of $N \times N$ real and complex elliptic Ginibre matrices, as $N \to \infty$. Two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Mark J. Crumpton , Tim R. Würfel

In this article we consider products of real random matrices with fixed size. Let $A_1,A_2, \dots $ be i.i.d $k \times k$ real matrices, whose entries are independent and identically distributed from probability measure $\mu$. Let $X_n =…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-19 Tulasi Ram Reddy

Complex systems, and in particular random neural networks, are often described by randomly interacting dynamical systems with no specific symmetry. In that context, characterizing the number of relevant directions necessitates fine…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-10 Romain Allez , Jonathan Touboul , Gilles Wainrib

The real Ginibre ensemble consists of $n\times n$ real matrices ${\bf X}$ whose entries are i.i.d. standard normal random variables. In sharp contrast to the complex and quaternion Ginibre ensemble, real eigenvalues in the real Ginibre…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-08-23 Jinho Baik , Thomas Bothner

A feature of certain ensembles of random matrices is that the corresponding measure is invariant under conjugation by unitary matrices. Study of such ensembles realised by matrices with Gaussian entries leads to statistical quantities…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2009-11-11 P. J. Forrester , N. S. Witte

The complex Ginibre ensemble is an $N\times N$ non-Hermitian random matrix over $\mathbb{C}$ with i.i.d. complex Gaussian entries normalized to have mean zero and variance $1/N$. Unlike the Gaussian unitary ensemble, for which the…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-24 Nicholas Crawford , Ron Rosenthal

The partly symmetric real Ginibre ensemble consists of matrices formed as linear combinations of real symmetric and real anti-symmetric Gaussian random matrices. Such matrices typically have both real and complex eigenvalues. For a fixed…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-08-27 Peter J. Forrester , Taro Nagao

The Ginibre unitary ensemble (GinUE) consists of $N \times N$ random matrices with independent complex standard Gaussian entries. This was introduced in 1965 by Ginbre, who showed that the eigenvalues form a determinantal point process with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-01-13 Sung-Soo Byun , Peter J. Forrester

We introduce three universality classes of chiral random matrix ensembles with a nonzero chemical potential and real, complex or quaternion real matrix elements. In the thermodynamic limit we find that the distribution of the eigenvalues in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 M. A. Halasz , J. C. Osborn , J. J. M. Verbaarschot

We review methods to calculate eigenvalue distributions of products of large random matrices. We discuss a generalization of the law of free multiplication to non-Hermitian matrices and give a couple of examples illustrating how to use…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Zdzislaw Burda

The integrable structure of Ginibre's Orthogonal Ensemble of random matrices is looked at through the prism of the probability "p_{n,k}" to find exactly "k" real eigenvalues in the spectrum of an "n" by "n" real asymmetric Gaussian random…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eugene Kanzieper , Gernot Akemann

Non-Hermitian random matrices with statistical spectral characteristics beyond the standard Ginibre ensembles have recently emerged in the description of dissipative quantum many-body systems as well as in non-ergodic wave transport in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Gernot Akemann , Yan V. Fyodorov , Dmitry V. Savin

It has been shown by Akemann, Ipsen and Kieburg that the squared singular values of products of $M$ rectangular random matrices with independent complex Gaussian entries are distributed according to a determinantal point process with a…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-09 Dang-Zheng Liu , Dong Wang , Lun Zhang

Squared singular values of a product of s square random Ginibre matrices are asymptotically characterized by probability distribution P_s(x), such that their moments are equal to the Fuss-Catalan numbers or order s. We find a representation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Karol A. Penson , Karol Zyczkowski

An elementary derivation of the Borodin-Sinclair-Forrester-Nagao Pfaffian point process, which characterises the law of real eigenvalues for the real Ginibre ensemble in the large matrix size limit, uses the averages of products of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Roger Tribe , Oleg Zaboronski