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Random numbers are a valuable commodity in gaming and gambling, simulation, conventional and quantum cryptography, and in non-conventional computing schemes such as stochastic computing. We propose to generate a random bit using a position…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Heath McCabe , Scott M. Koziol , Gregory L. Snider , Enrique P. Blair

The advantages of quantum random number generators (QRNGs) over pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are normally attributed to the nature of quantum measurements. This is often seen as implying the superiority of the sequences of bits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Michael J. Dinneen , Nan Huang

In this article, we propose a new counter-based implementation of John von Neumann's middle-square random number generator (RNG). Several rounds of squaring are applied to a counter to produce a random output. We discovered that four rounds…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Bernard Widynski

Parameterized quantum circuits as machine learning models are typically well described by their representation as a partial Fourier series of the input features, with frequencies uniquely determined by the feature map's generator…

Instances generation is crucial for linear programming algorithms, which is necessary either to find the optimal pivot rules by training learning method or to evaluate and verify corresponding algorithms. This study proposes a general…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Anqi Li , Congying Han , Tiande Guo

In this paper, we investigate the redundancy of universal coding schemes on smooth parametric sources in the finite-length regime. We derive an upper bound on the probability of the event that a sequence of length $n$, chosen using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-10-27 Ahmad Beirami , Faramarz Fekri

Let $V(k)$ denote the waiting time, the number of trials needed to get a consecutive $k$ ones. We propose recurrence algorithms for the probability distribution function (pdf) and the probability generating function (pgf) of $V(k)$ in…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Jungtaek Oh , Chongjin Park , Sungsu Kim

Learned image compression has exhibited promising compression performance, but variable bitrates over a wide range remain a challenge. State-of-the-art variable rate methods compromise the loss of model performance and require numerous…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-13 Kedeng Tong , Yaojun Wu , Yue Li , Kai Zhang , Li Zhang , Xin Jin

A wide range of applications require, by hypothesis, to have access to a high-speed, private, and genuine random source. Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) are currently the sole technology capable of producing true randomness.…

Online selection of optimal waveforms for target tracking with active sensors has long been a problem of interest. Many conventional solutions utilize an estimation-theoretic interpretation, in which a waveform-specific Cram\'{e}r-Rao lower…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Charles E. Thornton , R. Michael Buehrer , Harpreet S. Dhillon , Anthony F. Martone

Random residue sequences (RR) may be used in many random number applications including those related to multiple access in communications. This paper investigates variations on an algorithm to generate RR sequences that was proposed earlier…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-06-13 Vamsi Sashank Kotagiri

In this paper, we derive non-asymptotic achievability and converse bounds on the random number generation with/without side-information. Our bounds are efficiently computable in the sense that the computational complexity does not depend on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Masahito Hayashi , Shun Watanabe

In this paper we show how different sources of random numbers influence the outcomes of Monte Carlo simulations. We compare industry-standard pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) to a quantum random number generator (QRNG) and show,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Anton Lebedev , Annika Möslein , Olha I. Yaman , Del Rajan , Philip Intallura

A bias-free source-independent quantum random number generator scheme based on the measurement of vacuum fluctuation is proposed to realize the effective elimination of system bias and common mode noise introduced by the local oscillator.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-17 Ziyong Zheng , Yi-Chen Zhang , Min Huang , Ziyang Chen , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Following [OW16], we continue our analysis of: (1) "Quantum tomography", i.e., learning a quantum state, i.e., the quantum generalization of learning a discrete probability distribution; (2) The distribution of Young diagrams output by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-02 Ryan O'Donnell , John Wright

The random forest algorithm (RF) has several hyperparameters that have to be set by the user, e.g., the number of observations drawn randomly for each tree and whether they are drawn with or without replacement, the number of variables…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-27 Philipp Probst , Marvin Wright , Anne-Laure Boulesteix

Parameterized quantum circuits have been extensively used as the basis for machine learning models in regression, classification, and generative tasks. For supervised learning, their expressivity has been thoroughly investigated and several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Alice Barthe , Michele Grossi , Sofia Vallecorsa , Jordi Tura , Vedran Dunjko

The application of Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to mathematical and coding domains has demonstrated significant improvements in the reasoning and problem-solving abilities of Large Language Models. Despite its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Farid Bagirov , Mikhail Arkhipov , Ksenia Sycheva , Evgeniy Glukhov , Egor Bogomolov

We introduce the Romu family of pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) which combines the nonlinear operation of rotation with the linear operations of multiplication and (optionally) addition. Compared to conventional linear-only PRNGs,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Mark A. Overton

The ultimate random number generators are those certified to be unpredictable -- including to an adversary. The use of simple quantum processes promises to provide numbers that no physical observer could predict but, in practice, unwanted…