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We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for a class of Holant problems on planar 3-regular bipartite graphs. The complexity dichotomy states that for every weighted constraint function $f$ defining the problem (the weights can even be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jin-Yi Cai , Austen Z. Fan

Ordered matchings, defined as graphs with linearly ordered vertices, where each vertex is connected to exactly one edge, play a crucial role in the area of ordered graphs and their homomorphisms. Therefore, we consider related problems from…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Michal Čertík , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Jaroslav Nešetřil , Paweł Rzążewski

We prove complex contraction for zero-free regions of counting weighted set cover problem in which an element can appear in an unbounded number of sets, thus obtaining fully polynomial-time approximation schemes(FPTAS) via Barvinok's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Liang Li , Guangzeng Xie

We study a class of functional problems reducible to computing $f^{(n)}(x)$ for inputs $n$ and $x$, where $f$ is a polynomial-time bijection. As we prove, the definition is robust against variations in the type of reduction used in its…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-14 David Eppstein

In this paper, I discuss two logics for weighted finite structures: first-order logic with summation (FO(SUM)) and its recursive extension IFP(SUM). These logics originate from foundational work by Gr\"adel, Gurevich, and Meer in the 1990s.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Martin Grohe

We investigate the space complexity of refuting $3$-CNFs in Resolution and algebraic systems. We prove that every Polynomial Calculus with Resolution refutation of a random $3$-CNF $\phi$ in $n$ variables requires, with high probability,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-04-03 Patrick Bennett , Ilario Bonacina , Nicola Galesi , Tony Huynh , Mike Molloy , Paul Wollan

We propose FC, a new logic on words that combines finite model theory with the theory of concatenation - a first-order logic that is based on word equations. Like the theory of concatenation, FC is built around word equations; in contrast…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Dominik D. Freydenberger , Liat Peterfreund

Making predictions robust is an important challenge. A separate challenge in federated learning (FL) is to reduce the number of communication rounds, particularly since doing so reduces performance in heterogeneous data settings. To tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Mohsin Hasan , Zehao Zhang , Kaiyang Guo , Mahdi Karami , Guojun Zhang , Xi Chen , Pascal Poupart

The main problem considered in this article is the following: if $\mathbf{F}$, $\mathbf{E}$ are normed spaces of continuous functions over topological spaces $X$ and $Y$ respectively, and $\omega:Y\to\mathbb{C}$ and $\Phi:Y\to X$ are such…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-27 Eugene Bilokopytov

The weighted set multi-cover problem is a fundamental generalization of set cover that arises in data-driven applications where one must select a small, low-cost subset from a large collection of candidates under coverage constraints. In…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Nima Shahbazi , Aryan Esmailpour , Stavros Sintos

Among the approximation methods for the verification of counter systems, one of them consists in model-checking their flat unfoldings. Unfortunately, the complexity characterization of model-checking problems for such operational models is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-04-24 Stéphane Demri , Amit Kumar Dhar , Arnaud Sangnier

We prove a complexity dichotomy for a class of counting problems expressible as bipartite 3-regular Holant problems. For every problem of the form $\operatorname{Holant}\left(f\mid =_3 \right)$, where $f$ is any integer-valued ternary…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Jin-Yi Cai , Austen Z. Fan , Yin Liu

The satisfiability problem for First-order Modal Logic (\FOML) is undecidable even for simple fragments like having only unary predicates, two variables etc. Recently a new way to identify decidable fragments of \FOML has been introduced…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Varad Joshi , Anantha Padmanabha

Over the past two decades the main focus of research into first-order (FO) model checking algorithms have been sparse relational structures-culminating in the FPT-algorithm by Grohe, Kreutzer and Siebertz for FO model checking of nowhere…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-06-01 Jakub Gajarský , Petr Hliněný , Daniel Lokshtanov , Jan Obdržálek , Sebastian Ordyniak , M. S. Ramanujan , Saket Saurabh

The classical, ubiquitous, predecessor problem is to construct a data structure for a set of integers that supports fast predecessor queries. Its generalization to weighted trees, a.k.a. the weighted ancestor problem, has been extensively…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Pawel Gawrychowski , Moshe Lewenstein , Patrick K. Nicholson

We study the model enumeration problem of the function-free, finite domain fragment of first-order logic with two variables ($FO^2$). Specifically, given an $FO^2$ sentence $\Gamma$ and a positive integer $n$, how can one enumerate all the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qiaolan Meng , Juhua Pu , Hongting Niu , Yuyi Wang , Yuanhong Wang , Ondřej Kuželka

Inspired by a width invariant defined on permutations by Guillemot and Marx [SODA '14], we introduce the notion of twin-width on graphs and on matrices. Proper minor-closed classes, bounded rank-width graphs, map graphs, $K_t$-free unit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Édouard Bonnet , Eun Jung Kim , Stéphan Thomassé , Rémi Watrigant

Given a graph property $\Phi$, the problem $\#\mathsf{IndSub}(\Phi)$ asks, on input a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, to compute the number of induced subgraphs of size $k$ in $G$ that satisfy $\Phi$. The search for explicit criteria…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Marc Roth , Johannes Schmitt , Philip Wellnitz

We study the combinatorial FIFO stack-up problem. In delivery industry, bins have to be stacked-up from conveyor belts onto pallets with respect to customer orders. Given k sequences q_1, ..., q_k of labeled bins and a positive integer p,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-16 Frank Gurski , Jochen Rethmann , Egon Wanke

We investigate the \emph{minimum weight cycle (MWC)} problem in the $\mathsf{CONGEST}$ model of distributed computing. For undirected weighted graphs, we design a randomized algorithm that achieves a $(k+1)$-approximation, for any…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yi-Jun Chang , Yanyu Chen , Dipan Dey , Yonggang Jiang , Gopinath Mishra , Hung Thuan Nguyen , Mingyang Yang