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In majority bootstrap percolation on a graph G, an infection spreads according to the following deterministic rule: if at least half of the neighbours of a vertex v are already infected, then v is also infected, and infected vertices remain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris

In this paper we focus on $r$-neighbor bootstrap percolation, which is a process on a graph where initially a set $A_0$ of vertices gets infected. Now subsequently, an uninfected vertex becomes infected if it is adjacent to at least $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-24 Marinus Gottschau

We study the following bootstrap percolation process: given a connected graph $G$, a constant $\rho \in [0, 1]$ and an initial set $A \subseteq V(G)$ of \emph{infected} vertices, at each step a vertex~$v$ becomes infected if at least a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Frederik Garbe , Andrew McDowell , Richard Mycroft

Graph bootstrap percolation is a discrete-time process capturing the spread of a virus on the edges of $K_n$. Given an initial set $G\subseteq K_n$ of infected edges, the transmission of the virus is governed by a fixed graph $H$: in each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 David Fabian , Patrick Morris , Tibor Szabó

Majority bootstrap percolation is a model of infection spreading in networks. Starting with a set of initially infected vertices, new vertices become infected once half of their neighbours are infected. Balogh, Bollob\'{a}s and Morris…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Maurício Collares , Joshua Erde , Anna Geisler , Mihyun Kang

Bootstrap percolation has been used effectively to model phenomena as diverse as emergence of magnetism in materials, spread of infection, diffusion of software viruses in computer networks, adoption of new technologies, and emergence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-18 Milan Bradonjić , Iraj Saniee

In $\HH$-bootstrap percolation, a set $A \subset V(\HH)$ of initially 'infected' vertices spreads by infecting vertices which are the only uninfected vertex in an edge of the hypergraph $\HH$. A particular case of this is the $H$-bootstrap…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-28 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris , Oliver Riordan

We study bootstrap percolation processes on random simplicial complexes of some fixed dimension $d \geq 3$. Starting from a single simplex of dimension $d$, we build our complex dynamically in the following fashion. We introduce new…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-23 Nikolaos Fountoulakis , Michał Przykucki

By bootstrap percolation we mean the following deterministic process on a graph $G$. Given a set $A$ of vertices "infected" at time 0, new vertices are subsequently infected, at each time step, if they have at least $r\in\mathbb{N}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-08-31 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris

In r-neighbour bootstrap percolation on the vertex set of a graph G, vertices are initially infected independently with some probability p. At each time step, the infected set expands by infecting all uninfected vertices that have at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-01 Béla Bollobás , Cecilia Holmgren , Paul Smith , Andrew J. Uzzell

Bootstrap percolation is a type of cellular automaton which has been used to model various physical phenomena, such as ferromagnetism. For each natural number $r$, the $r$-neighbour bootstrap process is an update rule for vertices of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-09 Béla Bollobás , Karen Gunderson , Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson , Michał Przykucki

We study a new geometric bootstrap percolation model, line percolation, on the $d$-dimensional integer grid $[n]^d$. In line percolation with infection parameter $r$, infection spreads from a subset $A\subset [n]^d$ of initially infected…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Jonathan Lee , Bhargav Narayanan

Bootstrap percolation on the random graph $G_{n,p}$ is a process of spread of "activation" on a given realization of the graph with a given number of initially active nodes. At each step those vertices which have not been active but have at…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-22 Svante Janson , Tomasz Łuczak , Tatyana Turova , Thomas Vallier

We consider a dynamical process on a graph $G$, in which vertices are infected (randomly) at a rate which depends on the number of their neighbours that are already infected. This model includes bootstrap percolation and first-passage…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-18 Béla Bollobás , Simon Griffiths , Robert Morris , Leonardo Rolla , Paul Smith

In r-neighbour bootstrap percolation on a graph G, a set of initially infected vertices A \subset V(G) is chosen independently at random, with density p, and new vertices are subsequently infected if they have at least r infected…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-07-15 Jozsef Balogh , Bela Bollobas , Robert Morris

Consider a $p$-random subset $A$ of initially infected vertices in the discrete cube $[L]^3$, and assume that the neighbourhood of each vertex consists of the $a_i$ nearest neighbours in the $\pm e_i$-directions for each $i \in \{1,2,3\}$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-02 Daniel Blanquicett

The $r$-neighbour bootstrap process describes an infection process on a graph, where we start with a set of initially infected vertices and an uninfected vertex becomes infected as soon as it has $r$ infected neighbours. An inital set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-11 Alexandra Wesolek

We study atypical behavior in bootstrap percolation on the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph. Initially a set $S$ is infected. Other vertices are infected once at least $r$ of their neighbors become infected. Janson et al. (2012) locates the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Omer Angel , Brett Kolesnik

For $r\geq1$, the $r$-neighbour bootstrap process in a graph $G$ starts with a set of infected vertices and, in each time step, every vertex with at least $r$ infected neighbours becomes infected. The initial infection percolates if every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-01 Peter J. Dukes , Jonathan A. Noel , Abel E. Romer

Bootstrap percolation is a well-known activation process in a graph, in which a node becomes active when it has at least $r$ active neighbors. Such process, originally studied on regular structures, has been recently investigated also in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Michele Garetto , Emilio Leonardi , Giovanni Luca Torrisi