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Modeling complex systems that consist of different types of objects leads to multilayer networks, where nodes in the different layers represent different kind of objects. Nodes are connected by edges, which have positive weights. A…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Smahane El-Halouy , Silvia Noschese , Lothar Reichel

If A is a nonnegative matrix whose associated directed graph is strongly connected, the Perron-Frobenius theorem asserts that A has an eigenvector in the positive cone, (R^+)^n. We associate a directed graph to any homogeneous, monotone…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stephane Gaubert , Jeremy Gunawardena

For a nonnegative symmetric weakly irreducible tensor, its spectral radius is an eigenvalue corresponding to a unique positive eigenvector up to a scalar called the Perron vector. But including the Perron vector, there may have more than…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-15 Yi-Zheng Fan , Yan-Hong Bao , Tao Huang

For matrices with all nonnegative entries, the Perron-Frobenius theorem guarantees the existence of an eigenvector with all nonnegative components. We show that the existence of such an eigenvector is also guaranteed for a very different…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-08-30 Hunter Swan

We prove an analog of Perron-Frobenius theorem for multilinear forms with nonnegative coefficients, and more generally, for polynomial maps with nonnegative coefficients. We determine the geometric convergence rate of the power algorithm to…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2011-12-30 S. Friedland , S. Gaubert , L. Han

We study the combinatorial and algebraic properties of Nonnegative Matrices. Our results are divided into three different categories. 1. We show a quantitative generalization of the 100 year-old Perron-Frobenius theorem, a fundamental…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-20 Jenish C. Mehta

We explore the block nature of the matrix representation of multiplex networks, introducing a new formalism to deal with its spectral properties as a function of the inter-layer coupling parameter. This approach allows us to derive…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-07-17 Guilherme Ferraz de Arruda , Emanuele Cozzo , Francisco A. Rodrigues , Yamir Moreno

Matrix functions play an important role in applied mathematics. In network analysis, in particular, the exponential of the adjacency matrix associated with a network provides valuable information about connectivity, as well as about the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Mohammed Al Mugahwi , Omar De la Cruz Cabrera , Silvia Noschese , Lothar Reichel

We derive a generalization of the Perron-Frobenius theorem to time-varying row-stochastic matrices as follows: using Kolmogorov's concept of absolute probability sequences, which are time-varying analogs of principal eigenvectors, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-06 Rohit Parasnis , Massimo Franceschetti , Behrouz Touri

For a nonnegative weakly irreducible tensor, its spectral radius is an eigenvalue corresponding to a unique positive eigenvector up to a scalar called the Perron vector. But including the Perron vector, it may have more than one eigenvector…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-22 Yi-Zheng Fan , Tao Huang , Yan-Hong Bao

Eigenvector-based centrality measures are among the most popular centrality measures in network science. The underlying idea is intuitive and the mathematical description is extremely simple in the framework of standard, mono-layer…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Francesco Tudisco , Francesca Arrigo , Antoine Gautier

We will represent the so-called Perron-Frobenius eigenvector (if exists) for infinite non-negative matrix $A$ and Metzler matrix by using its corresponding Markov chain with probability transition function.

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Qian Du , Yong-Hua Mao

We introduce the notion of order-preserving multi-homogeneous mapping which allows to study Perron-Frobenius type theorems and nonnegative tensors in unified fashion. We prove a weak and strong Perron-Frobenius theorem for these maps and…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-13 Antoine Gautier , Francesco Tudisco , Matthias Hein

The Perron-Frobenius theorem says that the spectral radius of an irreducible nonnegative tensor is the unique positive eigenvalue corresponding to a positive eigenvector. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to find the spectral…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-26 Xueli Bai , Dong-Hui Li , Lei Wu , Jiefeng Xu

We extend the concept of eigenvector centrality to multiplex networks, and introduce several alternative parameters that quantify the importance of nodes in a multi-layered networked system, including the definition of vectorial-type…

Connectivity is a fundamental property of quantum graphs, previously studied in the operator system model for matrix quantum graphs and via graph homomorphisms in the quantum adjacency matrix model. In this paper, we develop an algebraic…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Kristin Courtney , Priyanga Ganesan , Mateusz Wasilewski

Network scientists have shown that there is great value in studying pairwise interactions between components in a system. From a linear algebra point of view, this involves defining and evaluating functions of the associated adjacency…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Francesco Tudisco , Desmond J. Higham

The longstanding nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem (NIEP) is to determine which multisets of complex numbers occur as the spectrum of an entry-wise nonnegative matrix. Although there are some well-known necessary conditions, a solution…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Charles R. Johnson , Pietro Paparella

We use fixed point theory to analyze nonnegative neural networks, which we define as neural networks that map nonnegative vectors to nonnegative vectors. We first show that nonnegative neural networks with nonnegative weights and biases can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-18 Tomasz J. Piotrowski , Renato L. G. Cavalcante , Mateusz Gabor

We prove that if an $n\times n$ matrix defined over ${\mathbb Q}_p$ (or more generally an arbitrary complete, discretely-valued, non-Archimedean field) satisfies a certain congruence property, then it has a strictly maximal eigenvalue in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-08 Robert Costa , Patrick Dynes , Clayton Petsche
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