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Bell inequality violation is the phenomenon where multiple non-communicating parties can exhibit correlations using quantum resources that are impossible if they can only use classical resources. One way to enforce non-communication is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Dawei Ding , Zhengfeng Ji , Pierre Pocreau , Mingze Xu , Xinyu Xu

Representing multi-mode squeezed light with a Gaussian random vector, our locally deterministic detection model challenges the CHSH game, achieving fidelities exceeding 96\%. Squeezing strength, detector threshold, and efficiency influence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 Aishi Guha , Noah A. Davis , Brian R. La Cour

Self-testing is the strongest certification procedure that uniquely characterizes the physical system based on the observed statistics, without any knowledge of the inner workings of the devices. The optimal quantum violation of a Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Rajdeep Paul , Sneha Munshi , Alok Kumar Pan

We demonstrate that amplification of arbitrarily weak randomness is possible using quantum resources. We present a randomness amplification protocol that involves Bell experiments. We find a Bell inequality which can amplify arbitrarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-28 Piotr Mironowicz , Rodrigo Gallego , Marcin Pawlowski

There are increasingly suggestions for computer simulations of quantum statistics which try to violate Bell type inequalities via classical, common cause correlations. The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality is very robust.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-17 Sascha Vongehr

Unpredictability, or randomness, of the outcomes of measurements made on an entangled state can be certified provided that the statistics violate a Bell inequality. In the standard Bell scenario where each party performs a single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-01 F. J. Curchod , M. Johansson , R. Augusiak , M. J. Hoban , P. Wittek , A. Acín

The correlations in quantum networks have attracted strong interest with new types of violations of the locality. The standard Bell inequalities cannot characterize the multipartite correlations that are generated by multiple sources. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-19 Ming-Xing Luo

The theorem developed by John Bell constituted the starting point of a revolution that translated a philosophical question about the nature of reality into the broad and intense field of research of the quantum information technologies. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-16 Antonio Mandarino , Giovanni Scala

One of the striking properties of quantum mechanics is the occurrence of the Bell-type non-locality. They are a fundamental feature of the theory that allows two parties that share an entangled quantum system to observe correlations…

In the present article, based on the formalism introduced in [Loubenets, J. Math. Phys. 53, 022201 (2012)], we derive for a pure bipartite quantum state a new upper bound on its maximal violation of general Bell inequalities. This new bound…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Elena R. Loubenets , Min Namkung

Providing non-conservative uncertainty quantification for function estimates derived from noisy observations remains a fundamental challenge in statistical machine learning, particularly for applications in safety-critical domains. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Johannes Teutsch , Oleksii Molodchyk , Marion Leibold , Timm Faulwasser , Armin Lederer

In many quantum information applications, a minimum detection efficiency must be exceeded to ensure success. Protocols depending on the violation of a Bell inequality, for instance, may be subject to the so-called detection loophole:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-29 Jochen Szangolies , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

We investigate how accidental counts, the detection events not originating from genuine entangled photon pairs, impact the observed violation of Bell inequalities in photonic experiments. These false coincidences become increasingly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Piotr Mironowicz , Mohamed Bourennane

Two fundamental quantum resources, nonlocality and contextuality, can be connected through Bell inequalities that are violated by state-independent contextuality (SI-C) sets. These Bell inequalities allow for applications that require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Junior R. Gonzales-Ureta , Ana Predojević , Adán Cabello

Over the past few decades, experimental tests of Bell-type inequalities have been at the forefront of understanding quantum mechanics and its implications. These strong bounds on specific measurements on a physical system originate from…

Experimental violations of Bell inequalities are in general vulnerable to so-called "loopholes." In this work, we analyse the characteristics of a loophole-free Bell test with photons, closing simultaneously the locality, freedom-of-choice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-11 Johannes Kofler , Marissa Giustina , Jan-Åke Larsson , Morgan W. Mitchell

At first sight, the use of an everywhere positive Wigner function as a probability density to perform stochastic simulations in quantum optics seems equivalent to the introduction of local hidden variables, thus preventing any violation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Eric Lantz , Mehdi Mabed , Fabrice Devaux

In this work we investigate the probability of violation of local realism under random measurements in parallel with the strength of these violations as described by resistance to white noise admixture. We address multisetting Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Anna de Rosier , Jacek Gruca , Fernando Parisio , Tamas Vertesi , Wieslaw Laskowski

Bell inequalities are a cornerstone of quantum physics. By carefully selecting measurement bases (typically polarization), their violation certifies quantum entanglement. Such measurements are disrupted by the presence of optical disorder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Baptiste Courme , Malo Joly , Adrian Makowski , Sylvain Gigan , Hugo Defienne

According to quantum theory, the outcomes obtained by measuring an entangled state necessarily exhibit some randomness if they violate a Bell inequality. In particular, a maximal violation of the CHSH inequality guarantees that 1.23 bits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-23 Antonio Acin , Serge Massar , Stefano Pironio