Related papers: The Sun's interior structure and dynamics, and the…
Helioseismology is the branch of the Solar Physics which studies the solar global oscillations, a phenomenon very important in order to understand the inside of the Sun. We explain here a method for measuring the solar velocity fields along…
Normal modes are coupled by the presence of perturbations in the Sun, providing a novel and under-appreciated helioseismic technique with which to image the solar interior. The process of measuring coupling between normal modes is…
The interstellar cloud surrounding the solar system regulates the galactic environment of the Sun and constrains the physical characteristics of the interplanetary medium. This paper compares interstellar dust grain properties observed…
The solar interior is probed by the properties of the Sun's acoustic oscillations (p-modes) observed on the solar surface. The frequencies of these p-modes measured in the last three decades show long term variation similar to the 11 year…
The solar-activity-cycle minimum observed between Cycles 23 and 24 is generally regarded as being unusually deep and long. That minimum is being followed by one of the smallest amplitude cycles in recent history. We perform an in-depth…
The solar cycle onset at mid-latitudes, the slow down of the sunspot drift toward the equator, the tail-like attachment and the overlap of successive cycles at the time of activity minimum are delicate issues in $\alpha\Omega$ dynamo wave…
Hydrostatic equilibrium and energy conservation determine the conditions in the gravitationally stabilized solar fusion reactor. We assume a matter density distribution varying non-linearly through the central region of the Sun. The…
Helioseismology can be used to place new constraints on the properties of dark matter, allowing solar observations to complement more conventional dark matter searches currently in operation. During the course of its lifetime, the Sun…
Two of the most widely observed and yet most puzzling features of the Sun's magnetic field are coronal loops that are smooth and laminar and prominences/filaments that are strongly sheared. These two features would seem to be quite…
The Sun provides the main energy input to the terrestrial atmosphere, and yet the impact of solar variability on long-term changes remains a controversial issue. Direct radiative forcing is the most studied mechanism. Other much weaker…
Helioseismology has provided very detailed inferences about rotation of the solar interior. Within the convection zone the rotation rate roughly shares the latitudinal variation seen in the surface differential rotation. The transition to…
Several properties of the solar interior are determined with a very high accuracy, which in some cases is comparable to that achieved in the determination of the Newton constant $G_N$. We find that the present uncertainty $\Delta…
Hydrostatic equilibrium and energy conservation determine the conditions in the gravitationally stabilized solar fusion reactor. We assume a matter density distribution varying non- linearly through the central region of the Sun. The…
Recent models of variations of the Sun's structure with the 11-year activity cycle by Sofia et al (2005) predict strong non-homologous changes of the radius of subsurface layers, due to subsurface magnetic fields and field-modulated…
Meridional circulation regulates the Sun's interior dynamics and magnetism. While it is well accepted that meridional flows are poleward at the Sun's surface, helioseismic observations have yet to provide a definitive answer for the depth…
Three- and five-minute oscillations are commonly found in any sunspot. As they are modulated by the internal thermal and magnetic structures of a sunspot, therehence, they could be used as an effective tool for sunspot seismology. In this…
The level of solar magnetic activity, as exemplified by the number of sunspots and by energetic events in the corona, varies on a wide range of time scales. Most prominent is the 11-year solar cycle, which is significantly modulated on…
Imaging and resolved spectroscopy reveal varying environmental conditions in our dynamic solar system. Many key advances have focused on how these conditions change over time. Observatory-level commitments to conduct annual observations of…
Recent studies have shown that the local environment of the Sun is a complex one with the presence of several supernova shock bubbles and interstellar clouds. Even within this environment, the Sun is moving with a velocity of about 15 km/s…
The solar dynamo and the solar Global internal Magnetic Structure (GMS) appear to be a thin ($\sim$2 Mm thick) structure near ($\sim$1 Mm below) the solar surface. Evidence for these properties are found from the amplitude of the torsional…