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The timeliness of detection of a sepsis event in progress is a crucial factor in the outcome for the patient. Machine learning models built from data in electronic health records can be used as an effective tool for improving this…

The sequential treatment decisions made by physicians to treat chronic diseases are formalized in the statistical literature as dynamic treatment regimes. To date, methods for dynamic treatment regimes have been developed under the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-22 Janie Coulombe , Erica E. M. Moodie , Susan M. Shortreed , Christel Renoux

Missing attributes are ubiquitous in causal inference, as they are in most applied statistical work. In this paper, we consider various sets of assumptions under which causal inference is possible despite missing attributes and discuss…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-25 Imke Mayer , Erik Sverdrup , Tobias Gauss , Jean-Denis Moyer , Stefan Wager , Julie Josse

Sepsis, a dysregulated immune system response to infection, is among the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and cost overruns in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Early prediction of sepsis can improve situational awareness amongst…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Supreeth P. Shashikumar , Christopher Josef , Ashish Sharma , Shamim Nemati

A large and diverse set of measurements are regularly collected during a patient's hospital stay to monitor their health status. Tools for integrating these measurements into severity scores, that accurately track changes in illness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-13 Kirill Dyagilev , Suchi Saria

The case-cohort design is a commonly used cost-effective sampling strategy for large cohort studies, where some covariates are expensive to measure or obtain. In this paper, we consider regression analysis under a case-cohort study with…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-24 Qingning Zhou , Kin Yau Wong

Epidemics are inherently stochastic, and stochastic models provide an appropriate way to describe and analyse such phenomena. Given temporal incidence data consisting of, for example, the number of new infections or removals in a given time…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-24 Sam A. Whitaker , Andrew Golightly , Colin S. Gillespie , Theodore Kypraios

Causal inference on a population of units connected through a network often presents technical challenges, including how to account for interference. In the presence of local interference, for instance, potential outcomes of a unit depend…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-02 Laura Forastiere , Edoardo M. Airoldi , Fabrizia Mealli

In this paper, we develop a multiply robust inference procedure of the average treatment effect (ATE) for data with high-dimensional covariates. We consider the case where it is difficult to correctly specify a single parametric model for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Xintao Xia , Yumou Qiu

Many observational studies feature irregular longitudinal data, where the observation times are not common across individuals in the study. Further, the observation times may be related to the longitudinal outcome. In this setting, failing…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-27 Grace Tompkins , Joel A Dubin , Michael Wallace

A fundamental limitation of causal inference in observational studies is that perceived evidence for an effect might instead be explained by factors not accounted for in the primary analysis. Methods for assessing the sensitivity of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-14 Colin B. Fogarty

In mortality modelling, cohort effects are often taken into consideration as they add insights about variations in mortality across different generations. Statistically speaking, models such as the Renshaw-Haberman model may provide a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-01 Yiping Guo , Johnny Siu-Hang Li

We present a detailed set-based analysis of the well-known SIR and SEIR epidemic models subjected to hard caps on the proportion of infective individuals, and bounds on the allowable intervention strategies, such as social distancing,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-17 Willem Esterhuizen , Jean Lévine , Stefan Streif

Sepsis is a life-threatening and serious global health issue. This study combines knowledge with available hospital data to investigate the potential causes of Sepsis that can be affected by policy decisions. We investigate the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Bruno Petrungaro , Neville K. Kitson , Anthony C. Constantinou

Matching in causal inference from observational data aims to construct treatment and control groups with similar distributions of covariates, thereby reducing confounding and ensuring an unbiased estimation of treatment effects. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Sahil Shikalgar , Md. Noor-E-Alam

Inferring causal effects from an observational study is challenging because participants are not randomized to treatment. Observational studies in infectious disease research present the additional challenge that one participant's treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-25 Brian G. Barkley , Michael G. Hudgens , John D. Clemens , Mohammad Ali , Michael E. Emch

We describe the Bedside Patient Rescue (BPR) project, the goal of which is risk prediction of adverse events for non-ICU patients using ~200 variables (vitals, lab results, assessments, ...). There are several missing predictor values for…

In healthcare, there is much interest in estimating policies, or mappings from covariates to treatment decisions. Recently, there is also interest in constraining these estimated policies to the standard of care, which generated the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-17 Samuel J. Weisenthal , Sally W. Thurston , Ashkan Ertefaie

When longitudinal outcomes are evaluated in mortal populations, their non-existence after death complicates the analysis and its causal interpretation. Where popular methods often merge longitudinal outcome and survival into one scale or…

In clinical settings, we often face the challenge of building prediction models based on small observational data sets. For example, such a data set might be from a medical center in a multi-center study. Differences between centers might…