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Motivated by conflicting conclusions regarding hydrocortisone's treatment effect on ICU patients with vasopressor-dependent septic shock, we developed a novel instrumental variable (IV) estimator to assess the average treatment effect (ATE)…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-18 Runjia Li , Victor B. Talisa , Chung-Chou H. Chang

It is common to conduct causal inference in matched observational studies by proceeding as though treatment assignments within matched sets are assigned uniformly at random and using this distribution as the basis for inference. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-14 Samuel D. Pimentel , Yaxuan Huang

Causally interpretable meta-analysis combines information from a collection of randomized controlled trials to estimate treatment effects in a target population in which experimentation may not be possible but covariate information can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-03 Jon A. Steingrimsson , David H. Barker , Ruofan Bie , Issa J. Dahabreh

Treatment effect estimation is a fundamental problem in causal inference. We focus on designing efficient randomized controlled trials, to accurately estimate the effect of some treatment on a population of $n$ individuals. In particular,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Raghavendra Addanki , David Arbour , Tung Mai , Cameron Musco , Anup Rao

Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in the ICU. It is challenging to manage because individual patients respond differently to treatment. Thus, tailoring treatment to the individual patient is essential for the best outcomes. In this…

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition triggered by an extreme infection response. Our objective is to forecast sepsis patient outcomes using their medical history and treatments, while learning interpretable state representations to assess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Anna Wong , Shu Ge , Nassim Oufattole , Adam Dejl , Megan Su , Ardavan Saeedi , Li-wei H. Lehman

Current machine learning models aiming to predict sepsis from Electronic Health Records (EHR) do not account for the heterogeneity of the condition, despite its emerging importance in prognosis and treatment. This work demonstrates the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-24 Zina Ibrahim , Honghan Wu , Ahmed Hamoud , Lukas Stappen , Richard Dobson , Andrea Agarossi

In settings where interference between units is possible, we define the prevalence of indirect effects to be the number of units who are affected by the treatment of others. This quantity does not fully identify an indirect effect, but may…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-18 David Choi

We develop a new approach for quantifying uncertainty in finite populations, by using design distributions to calibrate sensitivity parameters in finite population identified sets. This yields uncertainty intervals that can be interpreted…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-12 Brendan Kline , Matthew A. Masten

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition defined by end-organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. Although the Surviving Sepsis Campaign has launched and has been releasing sepsis treatment guidelines to unify and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Hyewon Jeong , Siddharth Nayak , Taylor Killian , Sanjat Kanjilal

Survival outcomes are common in comparative effectiveness studies and require unique handling because they are usually incompletely observed due to right-censoring. A ``once for all'' approach for causal inference with survival outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-21 Shuxi Zeng , Fan Li , Liangyuan Hu , Fan Li

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs), yet existing research often relies on outdated datasets, non-reproducible preprocessing pipelines, and limited coverage of clinical interventions. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yong Huang , Zhongqi Yang , Amir Rahmani

Sepsis is a syndrome that develops in the body in response to the presence of an infection. Characterized by severe organ dysfunction, sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) worldwide. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Tucker Stewart , Katherine Stern , Grant O'Keefe , Ankur Teredesai , Juhua Hu

Modern precision medicine aims to utilize real-world data to provide the best treatment for an individual patient. An individualized treatment rule (ITR) maps each patient's characteristics to a recommended treatment scheme that maximizes…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-07 Andong Wang , Kelly Wentzlof , Johnny Rajala , Miontranese Green , Yunshu Zhang , Shu Yang

Background. Treatment selection for low to intermediate risk patients with severe aortic stenosis between surgical (SAVR) and transcatheter (TAVR) aortic valve replacement remains variable in clinical practice, driven by patient…

Sepsis is a deadly condition affecting many patients in the hospital. Recent studies have shown that patients diagnosed with sepsis have significant mortality and morbidity, resulting from the body's dysfunctional host response to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Ronald Moore , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

Recent methodological research in causal inference has focused on effects of stochastic interventions, which assign treatment randomly, often according to subject-specific covariates. In this work, we demonstrate that the usual notion of…

This paper provides a solution to the evaluation of treatment effects in selective samples when neither instruments nor parametric assumptions are available. We provide sharp bounds for average treatment effects under a conditional…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-17 Phillip Heiler , Asbjørn Kaufmann , Bezirgen Veliyev

This paper considers the problem of inference in observational studies with time-varying adoption of treatment. In addition to an unconfoundedness assumption that the potential outcomes are independent of the times at which units adopt…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-27 Azeem Shaikh , Panos Toulis

We present a novel methodology for integrating high resolution longitudinal data with the dynamic prediction capabilities of survival models. The aim is two-fold: to improve the predictive power while maintaining interpretability of the…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-07 Giacomo Lancia , Meri Varkila , Olaf Cremer , Cristian Spitoni