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Gaussian processes (GPs) are typically criticised for their unfavourable scaling in both computational and memory requirements. For large datasets, sparse GPs reduce these demands by conditioning on a small set of inducing variables…

Inference in Gaussian process (GP) models is computationally challenging for large data, and often difficult to approximate with a small number of inducing points. We explore an alternative approximation that employs stochastic inference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-28 Jiaxin Shi , Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan , Jun Zhu

Learning a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is hard when the number of parameters is too large given the amount of available data. As a remedy, we propose restricting the GMM to a Gaussian Markov Random Field Mixture Model (GMRF-MM), as well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Shahaf E. Finder , Eran Treister , Oren Freifeld

The scalability of statistical estimators is of increasing importance in modern applications. One approach to implementing scalable algorithms is to compress data into a low dimensional latent space using dimension reduction methods. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-04-14 Gregory Darnell , Stoyan Georgiev , Sayan Mukherjee , Barbara E Engelhardt

In this work, we study scaling limits of shallow Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) via their connection to Gaussian processes (GPs), with an emphasis on statistical modeling, identifiability, and scalable inference. We first establish a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Gracielle Antunes de Araújo , Flávio B. Gonçalves

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are widely used to model dependencies in spatial statistics and machine learning. However, exact inference is computationally intractable for GP regression, with a time complexity of $O(n^3)$. The Vecchia…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Botond Szabo , Yichen Zhu

The combination of inducing point methods with stochastic variational inference has enabled approximate Gaussian Process (GP) inference on large datasets. Unfortunately, the resulting predictive distributions often exhibit substantially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-29 Martin Jankowiak , Geoff Pleiss , Jacob R. Gardner

Gaussian process models are commonly used as emulators for computer experiments. However, developing a Gaussian process emulator can be computationally prohibitive when the number of experimental samples is even moderately large. Local…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-26 Chih-Li Sung , Robert B. Gramacy , Benjamin Haaland

Machine learning (ML) techniques have recently gained significant attention for solving compliance minimization (CM) problems. However, these methods typically provide poor feature boundaries, are very expensive, and lack a systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiangyu Sun , Amin Yousefpour , Shirin Hosseinmardi , Ramin Bostanabad

Gaussian processes (GPs) are commonly used for prediction and inference for spatial data analyses. However, since estimation and prediction tasks have cubic time and quadratic memory complexity in number of locations, GPs are difficult to…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-05 Mohamed A. Abba , Brian J. Reich , Reetam Majumder , Brandon Feng

Generalized linear models (GLMs) -- such as logistic regression, Poisson regression, and robust regression -- provide interpretable models for diverse data types. Probabilistic approaches, particularly Bayesian ones, allow coherent…

Computation · Statistics 2018-12-19 Jonathan H. Huggins , Ryan P. Adams , Tamara Broderick

Sparse variational Gaussian process (GP) approximations based on inducing points have become the de facto standard for scaling GPs to large datasets, owing to their theoretical elegance, computational efficiency, and ease of implementation.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-14 Thang D. Bui , Matthew Ashman , Richard E. Turner

This paper proposes a new algorithm for Gaussian process classification based on posterior linearisation (PL). In PL, a Gaussian approximation to the posterior density is obtained iteratively using the best possible linearisation of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Filip Tronarp , Simo Särkkä

This paper presents a new approach for Gaussian process (GP) regression for large datasets. The approach involves partitioning the regression input domain into multiple local regions with a different local GP model fitted in each region.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Chiwoo Park , Daniel Apley

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants have established themselves as the go-to algorithms for large-scale machine learning problems with independent samples due to their generalization performance and intrinsic computational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-25 Hao Chen , Lili Zheng , Raed Al Kontar , Garvesh Raskutti

Gaussian processes (GPs) are flexible non-parametric models, with a capacity that grows with the available data. However, computational constraints with standard inference procedures have limited exact GPs to problems with fewer than about…

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a probabilistic nonparametric representation of functions in regression, classification, and other problems. Unfortunately, exact learning with GPs is intractable for large datasets. A variety of approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yuan , Qi , Ahmed H. Abdel-Gawad , Thomas P. Minka

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are vital for modeling and predicting irregularly-spaced, large geospatial datasets. However, their computations often pose significant challenges in large-scale applications. One popular method to approximate GPs…

Computation · Statistics 2025-01-24 Qilong Pan , Sameh Abdulah , Marc G. Genton , Ying Sun

Due to their flexibility, Gaussian processes (GPs) have been widely used in nonparametric function estimation. A prior information about the underlying function is often available. For instance, the physical system (computer model output)…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-21 Hassan Maatouk

Gaussian processes (GPs) are widely used for regression and optimization tasks such as Bayesian optimization (BO) due to their expressiveness and principled uncertainty estimates. However, in settings with large datasets corrupted by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Marshal Arijona Sinaga , Julien Martinelli , Samuel Kaski