Related papers: Operational Experience with the CMS Pixel Detector
The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, set to begin in 2029, will provide the general-purpose experiments with an instantaneous luminosity of up to $\mathcal{L} = 7.5 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass…
The CMS experiment at CERN has released research-quality data from particle collisions at the LHC since 2014. Almost all data from the first LHC run in 2010-2012 with the corresponding simulated samples are now in the public domain, and…
The CMS experiment is a multi-purpose detector successfully operated at the LHC where predominantly pp collisions take place at various centre of mass energies up to sqrt(s)=8 TeV at present. Discussed are pp collision results until end of…
The ATLAS pixel detector is the innermost detector of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. With approximately 80 million readout channels, the ATLAS silicon pixel detector is a high-acceptance, high-resolution,…
Radiation damage significantly impacts the performance of silicon tracking detectors in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments such as ATLAS and CMS, with signal reduction being the most critical effect; adjusting sensor bias voltage and…
In order to increase its discovery potential, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator will be upgraded in the next decade. The high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) period demands new sensor technologies to cope with increasing radiation…
3D silicon detectors, in which the electrodes penetrate the sensor bulk perpendicular to the surface, have recently undergone a rapid development from R\&D over industrialisation to their first installation in a real high-energy-physics…
A new generation of 3D silicon pixel detectors with a small pixel size of 50$\times$50 and 25$\times$100 $\mu$m$^{2}$ is being developed for the HL-LHC tracker upgrades. The radiation hardness of such detectors was studied in beam tests…
Silicon pixel detectors are at the core of the current and planned upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Given their close proximity to the interaction point, these detectors will be exposed to an unprecedented amount of radiation…
The muon spectrometer of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is equipped with a redundant system made of Resistive Plate Chambers and Drift Tube in barrel and RPC and Cathode Strip Chamber in endcap…
Silicon pixel detectors are at the core of the current ATLAS detector and its planned upgrade. As the detectors in closest proximity to the interaction point, they will be exposed to a significant amount of radiation: prior to the HL-LHC,…
For the new hadron collider LHC and some of its updates in luminosity and energy, as SLHC and VLHC, the silicon detectors could represent an important option, especially for the tracking system and calorimetry. The main goal of this paper…
The central component of the CMS detector is the largest silicon tracker ever built. The precise alignment of this complex device is a formidable challenge, and only achievable with a significant extension of the technologies routinely used…
3D silicon detectors are characterized by cylindrical electrodes perpendicular to the surface and penetrating into the bulk material in contrast to standard Si detectors with planar electrodes on its top and bottom. This geometry renders…
With the High Luminosity LHC upgrades, incorporating tracking information into the CMS Level-1 trigger becomes necessary in order to maintain a manageable trigger rate and good trigger performance e.g. to retain thresholds for electroweak…
(Abridged version) The CMS experiment at the LHC will begin operation in 2007. The CMS Tracker sub-detector, comprises ~10 million detector channels read out by ~40 000 analog optical links. The optoelectronic components have been designed…
CMOS sensors were successfully implemented in the STAR tracker [1]. LHC experiments have shown that efficient b tagging, reconstruction of displaced vertices and identification of disappearing tracks are necessary. An improved vertex…
Run-2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will provide new challenges to track and vertex reconstruction with higher energies, denser jets and higher rates. Therefore the ATLAS experiment has constructed the first 4-layer Pixel Detector in…
Owing to their intrinsic (geometry dependent) radiation hardness, 3D pixel sensors are promising candidates for the innermost tracking layers of the forthcoming experiment upgrades at the Phase 2 High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). To this…
The Beam Conditions and Radiation Monitoring System, BRM, is implemented in CMS to protect the detector and provide an interface to the LHC. Seven sub-systems monitor beam conditions and the radiation level inside the detector on different…