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Causality graphs are routinely estimated in social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering due to their capacity to efficiently represent the spatiotemporal structure of multivariate data sets in a format amenable for human…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-16 Bakht Zaman , Luis Miguel Lopez Ramos , Daniel Romero , Baltasar Beferull-Lozano

Causal inference from observational data following the restricted structural causal models (SCM) framework hinges largely on the asymmetry between cause and effect from the data generating mechanisms, such as non-Gaussianity or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Kang Du , Yu Xiang

Whether a variable is the cause of another, or simply associated with it, is often an important scientific question. Causal Inference is the name associated with the body of techniques for addressing that question in a statistical setting.…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-25 Caren Marzban , Yikun Zhang , Nicholas Bond , Michael Richman

What is the difference of a prediction that is made with a causal model and a non-causal model? Suppose we intervene on the predictor variables or change the whole environment. The predictions from a causal model will in general work as…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-27 Jonas Peters , Peter Bühlmann , Nicolai Meinshausen

We present a constraint-based algorithm for learning causal structures from observational time-series data, in the presence of latent confounders. We assume a discrete-time, stationary structural vector autoregressive process, with both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Shami Nisimov , Yaniv Gurwicz , Gal Novik

We reveal that transformers trained in an autoregressive manner naturally encode time-delayed causal structures in their learned representations. When predicting future values in multivariate time series, the gradient sensitivities of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xinyue Wang , Stephen Wang , Biwei Huang

Dependence between nodes in a network is an important concept that pervades many areas including finance, politics, sociology, genomics and the brain sciences. One way to characterize dependence between components of a multivariate time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-08 Malik Shahid Sultan , Samuel Horvath , Hernando Ombao

Granger causality is a fundamental technique for causal inference in time series data, commonly used in the social and biological sciences. Typical operationalizations of Granger causality make a strong assumption that every time point of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Chainarong Amornbunchornvej , Elena Zheleva , Tanya Y. Berger-Wolf

Conventional methods in causal effect inferencetypically rely on specifying a valid set of control variables. When this set is unknown or misspecified, inferences will be erroneous. We propose a method for inferring average causal effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-14 Ludvig Hult , Dave Zachariah

In some causal inference scenarios, the treatment variable is measured inaccurately, for instance in epidemiology or econometrics. Failure to correct for the effect of this measurement error can lead to biased causal effect estimates.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Antti Pöllänen , Pekka Marttinen

We propose a novel framework for studying causal inference of gene interactions using a combination of compressive sensing and Granger causality techniques. The gist of the approach is to discover sparse linear dependencies between time…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-28 Mo Deng , Amin Emad , Olgica Milenkovic

Identifying causal relations among simultaneously acquired signals is an important problem in multivariate time series analysis. For linear stochastic systems Granger proposed a simple procedure called the Granger causality to detect such…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yonghong Chen , Govindan Rangarajan , Jianfeng Feng , Mingzhou Ding

A methodology for high dimensional causal inference in a time series context is introduced. It is assumed that there is a monotonic transformation of the data such that the dynamics of the transformed variables are described by a Gaussian…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-07 Francesco Cordoni , Alessio Sancetta

We describe a new framework for causal inference and its application to return time series. In this system, causal relationships are represented as logical formulas, allowing us to test arbitrarily complex hypotheses in a computationally…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2010-06-14 Samantha Kleinberg , Petter N. Kolm , Bud Mishra

Causal inference is the process of using assumptions, study designs, and estimation strategies to draw conclusions about the causal relationships between variables based on data. This allows researchers to better understand the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Anpeng Wu , Kun Kuang , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu

Complex systems, such as brains, markets, and societies, exhibit internal dynamics influenced by external factors. Disentangling delayed external effects from internal dynamics within these systems is often challenging. We propose using a…

Identifying the underlying time-delayed latent causal processes in sequential data is vital for grasping temporal dynamics and making downstream reasoning. While some recent methods can robustly identify these latent causal variables, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Guangyi Chen , Yifan Shen , Zhenhao Chen , Xiangchen Song , Yuewen Sun , Weiran Yao , Xiao Liu , Kun Zhang

We study the problem of learning the support of transition matrix between random processes in a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model from samples when a subset of the processes are latent. It is well known that ignoring the effect of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Saber Salehkaleybar , Jalal Etesami , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

We aim to explicitly model the delayed Granger causal effects based on multivariate Hawkes processes. The idea is inspired by the fact that a causal event usually takes some time to exert an effect. Studying this time lag itself is of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Chao Yang , Hengyuan Miao , Shuang Li

In this paper we test for Granger causality in high-dimensional vector autoregressive models (VARs) to disentangle and interpret the complex causal chains linking radiative forcings and global temperatures. By allowing for high…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-04 Marina Friedrich , Luca Margaritella , Stephan Smeekes