Related papers: Digits of pi: limits to the seeming randomness

Place value numbers, such as the binary or decimal numbers can be represented by the end vertices (leaf or pendant vertices) of rooted symmetrical trees. Numbers that consist of at most a fixed number of digits are represented by vertices…

We consider binomial and inverse binomial sums at infinity and rewrite them in terms of a small set of constants, such as powers of $\pi$ or $\log(2)$. In order to perform these simplifications, we view the series as specializations of…

An algorithm for sampling exactly from the normal distribution is given. The algorithm reads some number of uniformly distributed random digits in a given base and generates an initial portion of the representation of a normal deviate in…

We introduce the sequence $(a_n) \subset (0,1]$ and prove that the asymptotic behaviour of $\sum_{k=1}^n a_k$ is the same than $\pi(n)$, the prime-counting function. We also obtain that $\pi(n) \sim n a_n$ and we estimate…

In this paper we review the properties of families of numbers of the form $6n\pm1$, with $n$ integer (in which there are all prime numbers greater than 3 and other compound numbers with particular properties) to later use them in a new…

This paper investigates the behavior of the last digits of a tetration of generic base. In fact, last digits of a tetration are the same starting from a certain hyper-exponent and in order to compute them we reduce those expressions $\mod…

We show the following bounds on the prime counting function $\pi(x)$ using principles from analytic number theory, giving an estimate: $$2 \log 2 \geq \limsup_{x \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\pi(x)}{x / \log x} \geq \liminf_{x \rightarrow…

Let \sigma(n) be the sum of divisors of a positive integer n. Robin's theorem states that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the inequality \sigma(n)<e^\gamma n\log\log n for all n>5040 (\gamma is Euler's constant). It is a natural…

We establish a central limit theorem for counting large continued fraction digits $(a_n)$, i.e. we count occurrences $\{a_n>b_n\}$, where $(b_n)$ is a sequence of positive integers. Our result improves a similar result by Philipp which…

We determine the leading digit laws for the matrix components of a linear Lie group $G$. These laws generalize the observations that the normalized Haar measure of the Lie group $\mathbb{R}^+$ is $dx/x$ and that the scale invariance of…

The Euler's form of odd perfect numbers, if any, is $n=\pi^{\alpha}N^2$, where $\pi$ is prime, $(\pi,N)=1$ and $\pi\equiv \alpha \equiv 1 \pmod{4}$. Dris conjecture states that $N>\pi^{\alpha}$. We find that $N^2>\frac{1}{2}\pi^{\gamma}$,…

Via symbolic computation we deduce 97 new type series for powers of $\pi$ related to Ramanujan-type series. Here are three typical examples: $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{P(k) \binom{2k}k\binom{3k}k…

Let $S_n$ be the set of permutations on $\{1,\,\dots,\,n\}$ and $\pi\in S_n$. Let $\mathrm{d}(\pi)$ be the arithmetic average of $\{|i-\pi(i)|;\;1\le i\le n\}$. Then $\mathrm{d}(\pi)/n\in[0,\,1/2]$, the expected value of $\mathrm{d}(\pi)/n$…

Consider a string of $n$ positions, i.e. a discrete string of length $n$. Units of length $k$ are placed at random on this string in such a way that they do not overlap, and as often as possible, i.e. until all spacings between neighboring…

Suppose that $X_1,\...,X_n,\...$ are i.i.d. rotationally invariant $N$-by-$N$ matrices. Let $\Pi_n=X_n\... X_1$. It is known that $n^{-1}\log |\Pi_n|$ converges to a nonrandom limit. We prove that under certain additional assumptions on…

If we form a decimal where the nth digit is the last non-zero digit of $n!$ (likewise, the last non-zero digit of $n^n$), we obtain an irrational number

In this paper we present and expand upon procedures for obtaining large d digit prime number to an arbitrary probability. We use a layered approach. The first step is to limit the pool of random number to exclude numbers that are obviously…

Counting the number of prime numbers up to a certain natural number and describing the asymptotic behavior of such a counting function has been studied by famous mathematicians like Gauss, Legendre, Dirichlet, and Euler. The prime number…

Record numbers are basic statistics in random walks, whose deviation principles are not very clear so far. In this paper, the asymptotic probabilities of large and moderate deviations for numbers of weak records in right continuous or left…

We consider a problem concerning the distribution of points with missing digits coordinates that are close to non-degenerate analytic submanifolds. We show that large enough (to be specified in the paper) sets of points with missing digits…