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High finesse optical cavities of current interferometric gravitational-wave detectors are significantly limited in sensitivity by laser quantum noise and coating thermal noise. The thermal noise is associated with internal energy…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-08 Mariana A. Fazio , Gabriele Vajente , Le Yang , Alena Ananyeva , Carmen S. Menoni

Reduction of coating thermal noise is a key issue in precise measurements with an optical interferometer. A good example of such a measurement device is a gravitational-wave detector, where each mirror is coated by a few tens of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-18 Kentaro Somiya , Daniel Heinert , Alexey G. Gurkovsky , Stefan Hild , Ronny Nawrodt , Sergey P. Vyatchanin

We report on the first experimental realization of multi-material dielectric mirror coatings designed through a multi-objective optimization algorithm to simultaneously minimize thermal noise and optical losses. We validate this design…

State-of-the-art optical oscillators employing cryogenic reference cavities are limited in performance by the Brownian thermal noise associated with the mechanical dissipation of the mirror coatings. Recently, crystalline…

Thermal noise is expected to be one of the noise sources limiting the astrophysical reach of Advanced LIGO (once commissioning is complete) and third-generation detectors. Adopting crystalline materials for thin, reflecting mirror coatings,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-10 Geoffrey Lovelace , Nicholas Demos , Haroon Khan

Low mechanical loss materials are needed to further decrease thermal noise in upcoming gravitational wave detectors. We present an analysis of the contribution of Akhieser and thermoelastic damping on the experimental results of resonant…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-02-21 D Heinert , A Grib , K Haughian , J Hough , S Kroker , P Murray , R Nawrodt , S Rowan , C Schwarz , P Seidel , A Tünnermann

In interferometric cryogenic gravitational wave detectors, there are plans to cool mirrors and their suspension systems (payloads) in order to reduce thermal noise, that is, one of the fundamental noise sources. Because of the large payload…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-05 Y. Sakakibara , N. Kimura , T. Suzuki , K. Yamamoto , D. Chen , S. Koike , C. Tokoku , T. Uchiyama , M. Ohashi , K. Kuroda

The next generation of gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, is designed to reduce noise in a wide band of frequencies compared to the current generation, through the use of new technologies. ETpathfinder, designed…

Reduction of thermal noise in dielectric mirror coatings is a key issue for the sensitivity improvement in second and third generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Replacing an end mirror of the interferometer by an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Alexey G. Gurkovsky , Daniel Heiner , Stefan Hild , Ronny Nawrodt , Kentaro Somiya , Sergey P. Vyatchanin , Holger Wittel

Brownian thermal noise associated with highly-reflective mirror coatings is a fundamental limit for several precision experiments, including gravitational-wave detectors. Recently, there has been a worldwide effort to find mirror coatings…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-04-14 N. Demos , M. Granata , S. Gras , A. Amato , G. Cagnoli , B. Sassolas , J. Degallaix , D. Forest , C. Michel , L. Pinard , M. Evans , A. Di Michele , M. Canepa

Thermoelastic loss is an important energy dissipation mechanisms in resonant systems. A careful analysis of the thermoelastic loss is critical to the design of low-noise devices for high-precision applications, such as the mirrors used for…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-06-27 Ruinan Zhou , Manel Molina-Ruiz , Frances Hellman

Grating reflectors have been repeatedly discussed to improve the noise performance of metrological applications due to the reduction or absence of any coating material. So far, however, no quantitative estimate on the thermal noise of these…

A major barrier to improving the quantum-limited sensitivity of gravitational-wave observatories is the thermal distortions of the test masses which arise at megawatt laser power. Recent advances in a new form of higher-order wavefront…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-30 Liu Tao , Pooyan Goodarzi , Jonathan W. Richardson

Mirror thermal noise is and will remain one of the main limitations to the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors based on laser interferometers. We report about projected mirror thermal noise due to losses in the mirror coatings and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-02 Janyce Franc , Nazario Morgado , Raffaele Flaminio , Ronny Nawrodt , Iain Martin , Liam Cunningham , Alan Cumming , Sheila Rowan , James Hough

The thermal noise of mirror coatings for gravitational-wave detectors critically depends on the elastic properties of the constituent materials. Data analyses and theoretical models typically assume each material is homogeneous and…

Thermal noise in amorphous coatings is a limitation for a wide range of precision experiments such as gravitational-wave detectors (GWDs). Mirrors for GWDs are composed of multiple thin layers of dielectric materials deposited on a…

The coating design for mirrors used in interferometric detectors of gravitational waves currently consists of stacks of two alternating dielectric materials with different refractive indexes. In order to explore the performance limits of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-30 V. Pierro , V. Fiumara , F. Chiadini , F. Bobba , G. Carapella , C. Di Giorgio , O. Durante , R. Fittipaldi , E. Mejuto Villa , J. Neilson , M. Principe , I. M. Pinto

We present an approach to mitigate coating thermal noise in optical cavities by using multiple TEM spatial modes to readout and stabilize laser frequency. With optimal weightings we synthesize a wider sampling of the mirror surface,…

Optics · Physics 2022-08-31 Andrew R. Wade , Kirk McKenzie

We propose a simple way to improve the laser gravitational-wave detectors sensitivity by means of reduction of the number of reflective coating layers of the core optics mirrors. This effects in the proportional decrease of the coating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 N. V. Voronchev , S. L. Danilishin , F. Ya. Khalili