Related papers: Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Cosmic Rays: A Bedtime Sto…
We review current theoretical ideas on pulsar winds and their surrounding nebulae. Relativistic MHD models of the wind of the aligned rotator, and of the striped wind, together with models of magnetic dissipation are discussed. It is shown…
The role of cosmic rays generated by supernovae and young stars has very recently begun to receive significant attention in studies of galaxy formation and evolution due to the realization that cosmic rays can efficiently accelerate…
The Crab Nebula demonstrates that neutron stars can interact with their environments in spectacular fashion, their relativistic winds generating nebulae observable across the electromagnetic spectrum. At many previous conferences,…
A significative fraction of high mass stars sail away through the interstellar medium of the galaxies. Once they evolved and died via a core collapse supernova, a magnetized, rotating neutron star (a pulsar) is usually their leftover. The…
Neutron stars lose the bulk of their rotational energy in the form of a pulsar wind: an ultra-relativistic outflow of predominantly electrons and positrons. This pulsar wind significantly impacts the environment and possible binary…
We compare the expected abundance of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons from pulsars and magnetars. We assume that the distribution of infant pulsars and magnetars follows that of high-mass stars in the Milky Way and that the production…
In this review we describe recent observational and theoretical developments in our understanding of pulsar winds and pulsar-wind nebulae (PWNe). We put special emphasis on the results from observations of well-characterized PWNe of various…
Of the known pulsar wind nebulae, 8 are good candidates for being in the early stage of evolution where the wind nebula is interacting with the freely expanding supernova ejecta. Several of these have been identified with historical…
A plausible model for the Crab Nebula is one in which a particle dominated, highly relativistic wind from the pulsar passes through a shock front in which the particles attain a power law energy distribution. The electrons and positrons…
Pulsars out of their parent SNR directly interact with the ISM producing so called Bow-Shock Pulsar Wind Nebulae, the relativistic equivalents of the heliosphere/heliotail system. These have been directly observed from Radio to X-ray, and…
We consider a situation in which a pulsar (and its nebula) is formed inside or close to a high density regions of a molecular cloud. We apply a recent model for the gamma radiation of pulsar wind nebulae (PWN), which includes not only…
The astronomical origin of the most energetic galactic cosmic rays and gamma rays is still uncertain. X-ray followup of candidate "PeVatrons", systems producing cosmic rays with energies exceeding 1 PeV, can constrain their spatial origin,…
Recent observations suggest that many old pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are bright TeV gamma-ray sources without a strong X-ray counterpart. In this paper, we study the spectral evolution of PWNe taking into account the energy which was…
We present a model for pulsar filaments - a class of narrow X-ray nebulae misaligned with the proper motion, powered by pulsar-generated $e^\pm$. We suggest that cosmic ray-enhanced turbulence drives pitch-angle scattering and dominates…
Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) constitute an ideal astrophysical environment to test our current understanding of relativistic plasma processes. It is well known that magnetic fields play a crucial role in their dynamics and emission…
The last decade has been dense with new developments in the search for the sources of Galactic cosmic rays. Some of these developments have confirmed the tight connection between cosmic rays and supernovae in our Galaxy, through the…
Physicists have pondered the origin of cosmic rays for over a hundred years. However the last few years have seen an upsurge in the observation, progress in the theory and a genuine increase in the importance attached to the topic due to…
The general properties of the non-thermal non-pulsed X-ray emission of rotation powered pulsars are investigated in the context of a pulsar wind nebula model. An examination of the observed X-ray emission from a sample of 23 pulsars from…
Recent X-ray observations of young rotation-powered pulsars are providing an unprecedented detailed view of pulsar wind nebulae. For the first time, coherent emission features involving wisps, co-aligned toroidal structures, and axial jets…
We model the morphology and spectrum of a pulsar wind nebula using a leptonic emission code. This code is a time-dependent, multi-zone model that investigates the changes in the particle spectrum as they traverse the nebula. We calculate…