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Counting the number of answers to conjunctive queries is a fundamental problem in databases that, under standard assumptions, does not have an efficient solution. The issue is inherently #P-hard, extending even to classes of acyclic…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Hubie Chen , Gianluigi Greco , Stefan Mengel , Francesco Scarcello

The proliferation of contextualized knowledge in the Semantic Web (SW) has led to the popularity of knowledge formats such as \emph{quads} in the SW community. A quad is an extension of an RDF triple with contextual information of the…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Mathew Joseph , Gabriel Kuper , Till Mossakowski , Luciano Serafini

Complex Logical Query Answering (CLQA) over incomplete knowledge graphs is a challenging task. Recently, Query Embedding (QE) methods are proposed to solve CLQA by performing multi-hop logical reasoning. However, most of them only consider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Chongzhi Zhang , Zhiping Peng , Junhao Zheng , Linghao Wang , Ruifeng Shi , Qianli Ma

While conversing with chatbots, humans typically tend to ask many questions, a significant portion of which can be answered by referring to large-scale knowledge graphs (KG). While Question Answering (QA) and dialog systems have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Amrita Saha , Vardaan Pahuja , Mitesh M. Khapra , Karthik Sankaranarayanan , Sarath Chandar

Complex Query Answering (CQA) over Knowledge Graphs (KGs) has attracted a lot of attention to potentially support many applications. Given that KGs are usually incomplete, neural models are proposed to answer the logical queries by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zihao Wang , Yangqiu Song , Ginny Y. Wong , Simon See

Interpretable multi-hop reading comprehension (RC) over multiple documents is a challenging problem because it demands reasoning over multiple information sources and explaining the answer prediction by providing supporting evidences. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Ming Tu , Kevin Huang , Guangtao Wang , Jing Huang , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou

Representation learning for knowledge graphs (KGs) has focused on the problem of answering simple link prediction queries. In this work we address the more ambitious challenge of predicting the answers of conjunctive queries with multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Bhushan Kotnis , Carolin Lawrence , Mathias Niepert

When answering natural language questions over knowledge bases, missing facts, incomplete schema and limited scope naturally lead to many questions being unanswerable. While answerability has been explored in other QA settings, it has not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Mayur Patidar , Prayushi Faldu , Avinash Singh , Lovekesh Vig , Indrajit Bhattacharya , Mausam

The challenge of answering graph queries over incomplete knowledge graphs is gaining significant attention in the machine learning community. Neuro-symbolic models have emerged as a promising approach, combining good performance with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Tamara Cucumides , Daniel Daza , Pablo Barceló , Michael Cochez , Floris Geerts , Juan L Reutter , Miguel Romero

Given a conjunctive query $Q$ and a database $D$, a direct access to the answers of $Q$ over $D$ is the operation of returning, given an index $k$, the $k$-th answer for some order on its answers. While this problem is $\#\mathcal{P}$-hard…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Florent Capelli , Nofar Carmeli , Oliver Irwin , Sylvain Salvati

Complex logical query answering (CLQA) is a challenging task that involves finding answer entities for complex logical queries over incomplete knowledge graphs (KGs). Previous research has explored the use of pre-trained knowledge graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Changyi Xiao , Yixin Cao

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which incorporate the non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into LLMs, have emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy in several tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

The dominant paradigm of textual question answering systems is based on end-to-end neural networks, which excels at answering natural language questions but falls short on complex ones. This stands in contrast to the broad adaptation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Ye Liu , Semih Yavuz , Rui Meng , Dragomir Radev , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

We study the (non-uniform) quantified constraint satisfaction problem QCSP(H) as H ranges over partially reflexive forests. We obtain a complexity-theoretic dichotomy: QCSP(H) is either in NL or is NP-hard. The separating condition is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-04-01 Barnaby Martin

Multi-hop query answering over a Knowledge Graph (KG) involves traversing one or more hops from the start node to answer a query. Path-based and logic-based methods are state-of-the-art for multi-hop question answering. The former is used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Mayank Kharbanda , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Raghava Mutharaju

Circuit representations are becoming the lingua franca to express and reason about tractable generative and discriminative models. In this paper, we show how complex inference scenarios for these models that commonly arise in machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-12 Antonio Vergari , YooJung Choi , Anji Liu , Stefano Teso , Guy Van den Broeck

In the context of ontology-mediated querying with description logics (DLs), we study the data complexity of queries in which selected predicates can be closed (OMQCs). We provide a non-uniform analysis, aiming at a classification of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Carsten Lutz , Inanc Seylan , Frank Wolter

Querying knowledge graphs (KGs) using deep learning approaches can naturally leverage the reasoning and generalization ability to learn to infer better answers. Traditional neural complex query answering (CQA) approaches mostly work on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Jiaxin Bai , Xin Liu , Weiqi Wang , Chen Luo , Yangqiu Song

With the rapid growth of knowledge bases (KBs) on the web, how to take full advantage of them becomes increasingly important. Knowledge base-based question answering (KB-QA) is one of the most promising approaches to access the substantial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Yuanzhe Zhang , Kang Liu , Shizhu He , Guoliang Ji , Zhanyi Liu , Hua Wu , Jun Zhao

Reasoning is a fundamental problem for computers and deeply studied in Artificial Intelligence. In this paper, we specifically focus on answering multi-hop logical queries on Knowledge Graphs (KGs). This is a complicated task because, in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Alfonso Amayuelas , Shuai Zhang , Susie Xi Rao , Ce Zhang