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With the great development of parallel computing techniques, the particle-particle (PP) model has been successfully applied in a number of plasma applications. Comparing to particle-mesh (PM) models, for example the widely used…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Yanan Zhang , Xiaochun Ma , Hui Liu , Yinjian Zhao

Particle-in-cell codes are the most widely used simulation tools for kinetic studies of ultra-intense laser-plasma interactions. Using the motion of a single electron in a plane electromagnetic wave as a benchmark problem, we show…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Kavin Tangtartharakul , Guangye Chen , Alexey Arefiev

Recent development of structure-preserving geometric particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithms for Vlasov-Maxwell systems is summarized. With the arriving of 100 petaflop and exaflop computing power, it is now possible to carry out direct…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Jianyuan Xiao , Hong Qin , Jian Liu

Perfectly-Matched Layers (PML) are widely used in Particle-In-Cell simulations, in order to absorb electromagnetic waves that propagate out of the simulation domain. However, when charged particles cross the interface between the simulation…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Remi Lehe , Aurore Blelly , Lorenzo Giacomel , Revathi Jambunathan , Jean-Luc Vay

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method for plasma simulation tracks particle phase space information using particle and grid data structures. High computational costs in 2D and 3D device-scale PIC simulations necessitate parallelization, with…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Libn Varghese , Bhaskar Chaudhury , Miral Shah , Mainak Bandyopadhyay

Particle acceleration in collisionless plasma systems is a central question in astroplasma and astroparticle physics. The structure of the acceleration regions, electron-ion energy equilibration, preacceleration of particles at shocks to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-19 Martin Pohl , Masahiro Hoshino , Jacek Niemiec

The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation has been a widely used method for studying plasma physics. However, fully three-dimensional PIC simulations always require huge computational resources. For problems with near azimuthal symmetry, recent…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-02-09 Jianzhao Wang , Weiming An , Rong Tang , Weiyu Meng , Jiayong Zhong

In particle simulations, the weights of particles determine how many physical particles they represent. Adaptively adjusting these weights can greatly improve the efficiency of the simulation, without creating severe nonphysical artifacts.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2014-11-05 Jannis Teunissen , Ute Ebert

We introduce a new electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm capable of using large timesteps compared to particle gyro-period under a uniform external magnetic field. The algorithm extends earlier electrostatic fully implicit PIC…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacón

Particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulations are a productive and valued tool for the study of nonlinear plasma phenomena, yet there are basic questions about the simulation methods themselves that remain unanswered. Here we study one such…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 J. U. Brackbill

A fundamental task in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of plasma physics is solving for charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields. This problem is especially challenging when the plasma is strongly magnetized due to numerical…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Tri P. Nguyen , Ilon Joseph , Mayya Tokman

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation codes have wide applicability to first-principles modeling of multidimensional nonlinear plasma phenomena, including wake-field accelerators. This review addresses both finite difference and pseudo-spectral…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-08-07 Brendan B. Godfrey

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) methods have achieved widespread recognition as simple and flexible approaches to model collisionless plasma physics in fully kinetic simulations of astrophysical environments. However, in many situations the standard…

As compute power increases with time, more involved and larger simulations become possible. However, it gets increasingly difficult to efficiently use the provided computational resources. Especially in particle-based simulations with a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Sebastian Eibl , Ulrich Rüde

We present a computational algorithm for computing short range forces between particles. The algorithm has two distinguishing features. First, it is optimized for multi-processor computers, and will use as many processors as are available.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 Robert C. Ferrell , Edmund Bertschinger

Modeling multi-scale collisionless magnetized processes constitutes an important numerical challenge. By treating electrons as a fluid and ions kinetically, the so-called hybrid Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes represent a promising…

We design and develop a new Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method for plasma simulations using Deep-Learning (DL) to calculate the electric field from the electron phase space. We train a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and a Convolutional Neural…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Xavier Aguilar , Stefano Markidis

We propose a spectral Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm that is based on the combination of a Hankel transform and a Fourier transform. For physical problems that have close-to-cylindrical symmetry, this algorithm can be much faster than…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Remi Lehe , Manuel Kirchen , Igor A. Andriyash , Brendan B. Godfrey , Jean-Luc Vay

Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods are frequently used for kinetic, high-fidelity simulations of plasmas. Implicit formulations of PIC algorithms feature strong conservation properties, up to numerical round-off errors, and are not subject to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 R. Kube , R. M. Churchill , B. Sturdevant

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) and Monte Carlo Collisions (MCC) methods are workhorses of many numerical simulations of physical systems. Recently, it was pointed out that, while the two methods can be exactly - or nearly - energy-conserving…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Jean-Luc Vay , Justin Ray Angus , Olga Shapoval , Remi Lehe , David Grote , Axel Huebl