Related papers: pp Interaction in Extended Air Showers
At $\sqrt s = 57\pm 7$ TeV, the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) collaboration has recently measured the proton-air inelastic production cross section $\sigma_{\rm p-air}$. Assuming a helium contamination of 25%, they subtracted 30 mb from…
Making use of a derivative dispersion approach, we investigate the behavior of the the total cross section and the rho parameter for pp and p(bar)p scattering from accelerator to cosmic ray energies. The discrepancies in the cosmic ray…
Air shower simulation programs are essential tools for the analysis of data from cosmic ray experiments and for planning the layout of new detectors. They are used to estimate the energy and mass of the primary particle. Unfortunately the…
Utilizing the most recent experimental data, we reanalyze high energy \pbar p and pp data, using two distinct (and {\em dissimilar}) analysis techniques: (1) asymptotic amplitude analysis, under the assumption that we have reached…
New developments in empirical analyses of the proton-proton differential cross section data at high energies are reported. Making use of an unconstrained model-independent parametrization for the scattering amplitude and two different fit…
Extensive air showers are the result of billions of particle reactions initiated by single cosmic rays at ultra-high energy. Their characteristics are sensitive both to the mass of the primary cosmic ray and to the fine details of hadronic…
Characteristics of the muon component in EAS are analyzed together with their fluctuations. The aim of this analysis -- a comparison of experimental data with computational results obtained within frameworks of various hadron interaction…
An important approach to studying high-energy cosmic rays is the investigation of the properties of extensive air showers; however, the lateral distribution of particles in simulations of such showers strongly depends on the applied model…
First results of a detailed analysis of p+p elastic scattering data are presented from ISR to LHC energies utilizing the quark-diquark model of protons in a form proposed by Bialas and Bzdak. The differential cross-section of elastic…
Very high energy cosmic rays are typically studied by measuring extensive air showers formed by secondary particles produced in collisions with air nuclei. The indirect character of the measurement makes the physics interpretation of cosmic…
We propose analytical forms, in both momentum transfer and impact parameter spaces, for the amplitudes of elastic pp scattering, giving coherent and accurate description of the observables at all energies $\sqrt{s}\geq 20$ GeV. The real and…
In this report a summary of recent developments in the fields of high-energy nuclear interactions (HE 1) and air shower phenomenology (HE 2) is presented. New results from accelerator and cosmic-ray experiments and the progress in the…
We have measured differential cross sections for \pp elastic scattering with internal fiber targets in the recirculating beam of the proton synchrotron COSY. Measurements were made continuously during acceleration for projectile kinetic…
In this paper, one presents some results concerning the behavior of the total cross section and $\rho$-parameter at asymptotic energies in proton-proton ($pp$) and antiproton-proton ($\bar{p}p$) collisions. For this intent, we consider…
Recent results from the HERA ep collider are reviewed in these proceedings. The results are from measurements that probe QCD at high-energy scales, as defined by $Q^2$, the four-momentum-transfer squared of the collisions. These…
Extensive air showers (EAS) are a cascade of electromagnetic radiation and ionized particles that produced in the atmosphere through the interaction of a primary cosmic ray with the atom of nucleus in the air producing a huge amount of…
We summarise some basic issues relevant to the optimisation and design of space-based experiments for the observation of the Extensive Air Showers produced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Particles interacting with the atmosphere. A number of…
Two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions to elastic electron-proton scattering in the forward regime are considered. The imaginary part of TPE amplitude in these kinematics is related to the DIS nucleon structure functions. The real part of…
Comparison of P-P total cross-sections estimations at very high energies - from accelerators and cosmic rays - shows a disagreement amounting to more than 10 %, a discrepancy which is beyond statistical errors. Here we use a…
We present a summary of recent tests and measurements of hadronic interaction properties with air showers. This report has a special focus on muon density measurements. Several experiments reported deviations between simulated and recorded…