Related papers: Forests of Gaussian numbers
In this paper, we estimate the weak saturation numbers of trees. As a case study, we examine caterpillars and obtain several tight estimates. In particular, this implies that for any $\alpha\in [1,2]$, there exist caterpillars with $k$…
In analogy to other concepts of a similar nature, we define the inducibility of a rooted binary tree. Given a fixed rooted binary tree $B$ with $k$ leaves, we let $\gamma(B,T)$ be the proportion of all subsets of $k$ leaves in $T$ that…
We consider Galton-Watson trees with ${\rm Bin}(d,p)$ offspring distribution. We let $T_{\infty}(p)$ denote such a tree conditioned on being infinite. For $d=2,3$ and any $1/d\leq p_1 <p_2 \leq 1$, we show that there exists a coupling…
There are several common ways to encode a tree as a matrix, such as the adjacency matrix, the Laplacian matrix (that is, the infinitesimal generator of the natural random walk), and the matrix of pairwise distances between leaves. Such…
We show that the number of numerical semigroups with multiplicity three, four or five and fixed genus is increasing as a function in the genus. To this end we use the Kunz polytope for these multiplicities. Counting numerical semigroups…
Diophantine quadruples are sets of four distinct positive integers such that the product of any two is one less than a square. All known examples belong to an infinite set which can be constructed recursively. Some observations on these…
For every labeled forest $\mathsf{F}$ with set of vertices $[n]$ we can consider the subgroup $G$ of the symmetric group $S_n$ that is generated by all the cycles determined by all maximal paths of $\mathsf{F}$. We say that $G$ is the chain…
In this paper we provide two results. The first one consists an infinitary version of the Furstenberg-Weiss Theorem. More precisely we show that every subset $A$ of a homogeneous tree $T$ such that $\frac{|A\cap T(n)|}{|T(n)|}\geq\delta$,…
A dense forest is a set $F \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ with the property that for all $\varepsilon > 0$ there exists a number $V(\varepsilon) > 0$ such that all line segments of length $V(\varepsilon)$ are $\varepsilon$-close to a point in $F$.…
Wilson's Theorem states that the product of all nonzero elements of a finite field ${\mathbb F}_q$ is $-1$. In this article, we define some natural subsets $S \subset {\mathbb F}_q^\times$ and find formulas for the product of the elements…
A closed-form formula is derived for the number of occurrences of matches of a multiset of patterns among all ordered (plane-planted) trees with a given number of edges. A pattern looks like a tree, with internal nodes and leaves, but also…
Additive tree functionals allow to represent the cost of many divide-and-conquer algorithms. We give an invariance principle for such tree functionals for the Catalan model (random tree uniformly distributed among the full binary ordered…
This work delves into the {\it quotient of an affine semigroup by a positive integer}, exploring its intricate properties and broader implications. We unveil an {\it associated tree} that serves as a valuable tool for further analysis.…
For fixed $t\ge 2$, we consider the class of representations of $1$ as sum of unit fractions whose denominators are powers of $t$ or equivalently the class of canonical compact $t$-ary Huffman codes or equivalently rooted $t$-ary plane…
We study some essential arithmetic properties of a new tree-based number representation, {\em hereditarily binary numbers}, defined by applying recursively run-length encoding of bijective base-2 digits. Our representation expresses giant…
We consider the rooted trees which not have isomorphic representation and introduce a conception of complexity a natural number also. The connection between quantity such trees with $n$ edges and a complexity of natural number $n$ is…
We study rational functions $f$ of degree $d+1$ such that $f$ is univalent in the exterior unit disc, and the image of the unit circle under $f$ has the maximal number of cusps ($d+1$) and double points $(d-2)$. We introduce a bi-angled…
Let $\mathbb F$ denote an algebraically closed field and assume that $q\in \mathbb F$ is a primitive $d^{\rm \, th}$ root of unity with $d\not=1,2,4$. The universal Askey--Wilson algebra $\triangle_q$ is a unital associative $\mathbb…
Sturmian words are infinite binary words with many equivalent definitions: They have a minimal factor complexity among all aperiodic sequences; they are balanced sequences (the labels 0 and 1 are as evenly distributed as possible) and they…
The solution of some equations involving functional derivatives is given as a series indexed by planar binary trees. The terms of the series are given by an explicit recursive formula. Some algebraic properties of these series are…