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Attosecond science has been transforming our understanding of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. However, to date almost all of the attoscience experiments have been based on spectroscopic measurements because attosecond…
Photons, electrons, and their interplay are at the heart of photonic devices and modern instruments for ultrafast science [1-10]. Nowadays, electron beams of the highest intensity and brightness are created by photoemission with short laser…
Ultra-stable lasers and optical frequency combs have been the enabling technologies for the tremendous progress of precise optical spectroscopy in the last ten years. To improve laser frequency stabilization beyond the thermal-noise…
Optical frequency comb synthesizers (FCs) [1] are laser sources covering a broad spectral range with a number of discrete, equally spaced and highly coherent frequency components, fully controlled through only two parameters: the frequency…
Coherent microwave-to-optical conversion is crucial for transferring quantum information generated in the microwave domain to optical frequencies, where propagation losses can be minimised. Among the various physical platforms that have…
Frequency combs have applications that extend from the ultra-violet into the mid-infrared bands. Microcombs, a miniature and often semiconductor-chip-based device, can potentially access most of these applications, but are currently more…
Development of the optical frequency comb has revolutionised metrology and precision spectroscopy due to its ability to provide a precise and direct link between microwave and optical frequencies. A novel application of frequency comb…
Carrier-envelope phase stabilization of optical pulses enables exquisitely precise measurements by way of direct optical-frequency synthesis, absolute optical-to-microwave phase conversion, and control of ultrafast waveforms. We report such…
A train of periodic optical pulses gives an optical frequency "comb" that acts as a precise ruler for light measurement due to its equally spaced frequencies. Today, such pulses last millionths of a billionth of a second (Femtoseconds/fs)…
Low-loss transmission and sensitive recovery of weak radio-frequency (rf) and microwave signals is an ubiquitous technological challenge, crucial in fields as diverse as radio astronomy, medical imaging, navigation and communication,…
Optical frequency combs represent a revolutionary technology for high precision spectroscopy due to their narrow linewidths and precise frequency spacing. Generation of such combs in the mid-infrared (IR) spectral region (2-20 um) is of…
In attosecond streaking, an electron is released by a short xuv pulse into a strong near infrared laser field. When the laser coupling between two states in the target is weak relative to the detuning, the streaking technique, which allows…
We demonstrate an optical frequency comb based on an erbium-doped-fiber femtosecond laser with the nonlinear polarization evolution scheme. The repetition rate of the laser is about 209 MHz. By controlling an intra-cavity electro-optic…
Optical frequency comb (OFC) technology has been the cornerstone for scientific breakthroughs such as precision frequency metrology, redefinition of time, extreme light-matter interaction, and attosecond sciences. While the current…
Phase-coherent transfer of optical frequencies over a long distance is required for diverse photonic applications, including optical clock signal dissemination and physical constants measurement. Several demonstrations have been made…
Until recently, attosecond optical spectroscopy and quantum optics evolved along non-overlapping directions. In attosecond science, attosecond pulses have been regarded as classical waves, applied to probe electron dynamics on their natural…
Low-noise microwave oscillators are cornerstones for wireless communication, radar and clocks. Optical frequency combs have enabled photonic microwaves with unrivalled noise performance and bandwidth. Emerging interest is to generate…
Frequency combs enable precision measurements across timekeeping, spectroscopy, ranging and astronomy, and are now extending to integrated and field-deployable platforms. Realizing their full performance demands a comprehensive account of…
If matter absorbs a photon of sufficient energy it emits an electron. The question of the duration of the emission process has intrigued scientists for decades. With the advent of attosecond metrology, experiments addressing such ultrashort…
A compact and robust coherent laser light source that provides spectral coverage from the ultraviolet to infrared is desirable for numerous applications, including heterodyne super resolution imaging[1], broadband infrared microscopy[2],…