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Related papers: Towards a General Framework for Actual Causation U…

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A fundamental goal of scientific research is to learn about causal relationships. However, despite its critical role in the life and social sciences, causality has not had the same importance in Natural Language Processing (NLP), which has…

We propose new definitions of (causal) explanation, using structural equations to model counterfactuals. The definition is based on the notion of actual cause, as defined and motivated in a companion paper. Essentially, an explanation is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Judea Pearl

Judea Pearl was the first to propose a definition of actual causation using causal models. A number of authors have suggested that an adequate account of actual causation must appeal not only to causal structure, but also to considerations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Joseph Y. Halpern , Christopher Hitchcock

In previous work with Joost Vennekens I proposed a definition of actual causation that is based on certain plausible principles, thereby allowing the debate on causation to shift away from its heavy focus on examples towards a more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Sander Beckers

With recent advances in natural language processing, rationalization becomes an essential self-explaining diagram to disentangle the black box by selecting a subset of input texts to account for the major variation in prediction. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Wenbo Zhang , Tong Wu , Yunlong Wang , Yong Cai , Hengrui Cai

Causation has been the issue of philosophic debate since Hippocrates. Recent work defines actual causation in terms of Pearl/Halpern's causality framework, formalizing necessary causes (IJCAI'15). This has inspired causality notions in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Robert Künnemann

Computational analysis of time-course data with an underlying causal structure is needed in a variety of domains, including neural spike trains, stock price movements, and gene expression levels. However, it can be challenging to determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Samantha Kleinberg , Bud Mishra

Causal models defined in terms of a collection of equations, as defined by Pearl, are axiomatized here. Axiomatizations are provided for three successively more general classes of causal models: (1) the class of recursive theories (those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-08 Joseph Y. Halpern

I propose the purpose our concept of actual causation serves is minimizing various cost in intervention practice. Actual causation has three features: nonredundant sufficiency, continuity and abnormality; these features correspond to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Liang Zhou

As autonomous systems rapidly become ubiquitous, there is a growing need for a legal and regulatory framework to address when and how such a system harms someone. There have been several attempts within the philosophy literature to define…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Sander Beckers , Hana Chockler , Joseph Y. Halpern

I develop a novel semantics for probabilities of counterfactuals that generalizes the standard Pearlian semantics: it applies to probabilistic causal models that cannot be extended into realistic structural causal models and are therefore…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sander Beckers

Causal models defined in terms of a collection of equations, as defined by Pearl, are axiomatized here. Axiomatizations are provided for three successively more general classes of causal models: (1) the class of recursive theories (those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern

Reasoning about actual causes of observed effects is fundamental to the study of rationality. This important problem has been studied since the time of Aristotle, with formal mathematical accounts emerging recently. We live in a world where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shakil M. Khan , Asim Mehmood , Sandra Zilles

In this paper, we propose causality as a unified framework to explain query answers and non-answers, thus generalizing and extending several previously proposed approaches of provenance and missing query result explanations. We develop our…

Databases · Computer Science 2009-12-31 Alexandra Meliou , Wolfgang Gatterbauer , Katherine F. Moore , Dan Suciu

Halpern and Pearl introduced a definition of actual causality; Eiter and Lukasiewicz showed that computing whether X=x is a cause of Y=y is NP-complete in binary models (where all variables can take on only two values) and\…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-10 Gadi Aleksandrowicz , Hana Chockler , Joseph Y. Halpern , Alexander Ivrii

Explanations of cognitive behavior often appeal to computations over representations. What does it take for a system to implement a given computation over suitable representational vehicles within that system? We argue that the language of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Atticus Geiger , Jacqueline Harding , Thomas Icard

The abilities of humans to understand the world in terms of cause and effect relationships, as well as to compress information into abstract concepts, are two hallmark features of human intelligence. These two topics have been studied in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Kevin Xia , Elias Bareinboim

In view of the growing complexity of modern software architectures, formal models are increasingly used to understand why a system works the way it does, opposed to simply verifying that it behaves as intended. This paper surveys approaches…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Christel Baier , Clemens Dubslaff , Florian Funke , Simon Jantsch , Rupak Majumdar , Jakob Piribauer , Robin Ziemek

The framework of Pearl's Causal Hierarchy (PCH) formalizes three types of reasoning: probabilistic (i.e. purely observational), interventional, and counterfactual, that reflect the progressive sophistication of human thought regarding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Julian Dörfler , Benito van der Zander , Markus Bläser , Maciej Liskiewicz

Causal Learning has emerged as a major theme of research in statistics and machine learning in recent years, promising specific computational techniques to apply to datasets that reveal the true nature of cause and effect in a number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Leonardo Christov Moore , Gustav Sir , Martin Krutsky