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In this paper we review the properties of families of numbers of the form $6n\pm1$, with $n$ integer (in which there are all prime numbers greater than 3 and other compound numbers with particular properties) to later use them in a new…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-09-01 Damian Gulich , Gustavo Funes , Leopoldo Garavaglia , Beatriz Ruiz , Mario Garavaglia

We derive heuristically approximate formulas for the negative $k$--moments $M_{-k}(x)$ of the gaps between consecutive primes$<x $ represented directly by $\pi(x)$ --- the number of primes up to $x$. In particular we propose an analytical…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Marek Wolf

The mathematical constant pi has recently been computed up to 22,459,157,718,361 decimal and 18,651,926,753,033 hexadecimal digits. As a simple check for the normality of pi, the frequencies of all sequences with length one, two and three…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-05 Peter Trueb

In this work, we consider the properties of the two-term Machin-like formula and develop an algorithm for computing digits of $\pi$ by using its rational approximation. In this approximation, both terms are constructed by using a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Sanjar M. Abrarov , Rehan Siddiqui , Rajinder Kumar Jagpal , Brendan M. Quine

We prove some results concerning the distribution of primes on the Riemann hypothesis. First, we prove the explicit result that there exists a prime in the interval $(x-\frac{4}{\pi} \sqrt{x} \log x,x]$ for all $x \geq 2$; this improves a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-22 Adrian Dudek

The aim of this paper is to give a direct interpretation of the validity of the Riemann hypothesis up to a certain height $T$ in terms of the prime-counting function $\pi(x)$. This is done by proving the well-known explicit Schoenfeld bound…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-26 Jan Büthe

Let $E_0,\ldots,E_n$ be a partition of the set of prime numbers, and define $E_j(x) := \sum_{p \in E_j \atop p \leq x} \frac{1}{p}$. Define $\pi(x;\mathbf{E},\mathbf{k})$ to be the number of integers $n \leq x$ with $k_j$ prime factors in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-14 Alexander P. Mangerel

We study the average distribution of primes of size $x$ in arithmetic progressions to moduli larger than $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$. Using arithmetic information from the works of many authors together with different variants of the original…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Runbo Li

In this paper we propose an algorithm that correctly discards a set of numbers (from a previously defined sieve) with an interval of integers. Leopoldo's Theorem states that the remaining integer numbers will generate and count the complete…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-10-07 Damian Gulich , Gustavo Funes , Nahuel Lofeudo , Leopoldo Garavaglia , Mario Garavaglia

A method for computing the n'th decimal digit of pi in O(n^3 log(n)^3) time and with very little memory is presented here. The computation is based on the recently discovered Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe algorithm and the use of a new algorithm…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-03 Simon Plouffe

We compute a Monte Carlo approximation of {\pi} using importance sampling with shots coming out of a Mossberg 500 pump-action shotgun as the proposal distribution. An approximated value of 3.131 is obtained, corresponding to a 0.33% error…

Popular Physics · Physics 2014-04-10 Vincent Dumoulin , Félix Thouin

From known effective bounds on the prime counting function of the form \[ |\pi(x)-\mathrm{Li}(x)| < a \;x \;(\ln x)^{b} \; \exp\left(-{c}\; \sqrt{\ln x}\right); \qquad (x \geq x_0); \] it is possible to establish exponentially tight…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Matt Visser

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we prove the latest explicit version of the prime number theorem for short intervals. Using this result, and assuming the generalised Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet $L$-functions is true, we then establish…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-10 Ethan S. Lee

We show that for Beurling generalized numbers the prime number theorem in remainder form $$\pi(x) = \operatorname*{Li}(x) + O\left(\frac{x}{\log^{n}x}\right) \quad \mbox{for all } n\in\mathbb{N}$$ is equivalent to (for some $a>0$) $$N(x) =…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-24 Gregory Debruyne , Jasson Vindas

We obtained a new formula for $\pi$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Nikita Kalinin , Mikhail Shkolnikov

Given the first 20-100 coefficients of a typical generating function of the type that arises in many problems of statistical mechanics or enumerative combinatorics, we show that the method of differential approximants performs surprisingly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-12 Anthony J Guttmann

In recent work by Botkin, Dawsey, Hemmer, Just and the present author, a deterministic model of prime number distribution is developed based on properties of integer partitions that gives almost exact estimates for $\pi(n)$, the number of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Robert Schneider

We derive explicit upper bounds for various functions counting primes in arithmetic progressions. By way of example, if $q$ and $a$ are integers with $\gcd(a,q)=1$ and $3 \leq q \leq 10^5$, and $\theta(x;q,a)$ denotes the sum of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-29 Michael A. Bennett , Greg Martin , Kevin O'Bryant , Andrew Rechnitzer

The convex hull of the subgraph of the prime counting function $x\rightarrow \pi(x)$ is a convex set, bounded from above by a graph of some piecewise affine function $x\rightarrow \epsilon(x)$. The vertices of this function form an infinite…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-18 Edward Tutaj

Let $\alpha$ be a real number such that $1< \alpha <2$ and let $x_0=x_0(\alpha)$ be a {\rm(}unique{\rm)} positive solution of the equation $$ x^{\alpha-1} -\frac{\pi}{e^2\sqrt{3}}x +1=0. $$ Then we prove that for each positive integer…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-21 Romeo Meštrović