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Bitcoin is a popular cryptocurrency that records alltransactions in a distributed append-only public ledger calledblockchain. The security of Bitcoin heavily relies on the incentive-compatible proof-of-work (PoW) based distributed consensus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Mauro Conti , Sandeep Kumar E , Chhagan Lal , Sushmita Ruj

Bitcoin is a decentralized, pseudonymous cryptocurrency that is one of the most used digital assets to date. Its unregulated nature and inherent anonymity of users have led to a dramatic increase in its use for illicit activities. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Francesco Zola , Maria Eguimendia , Jan Lukas Bruse , Raul Orduna Urrutia

Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to maintain transactions order and provides probabilistic guarantee to prevent double-spending, assuming that an attacker's computational power does not exceed %50 of the network power. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ghader Ebrahimpour , Mohammad Sayad Haghighi

The Bitcoin cryptocurrency records its transactions in a public log called the blockchain. Its security rests critically on the distributed protocol that maintains the blockchain, run by participants called miners. Conventional wisdom…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-11-18 Ittay Eyal , Emin Gun Sirer

Bitcoin has emerged in 2008, and after decades of development, it has become the largest trading currency by far. The core of the blockchain is to ensure the anonymity of user transactions. As more and more analysis algorithms for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Yuanzhe Jin , Ziheng Dong , Xing Li

Bitcoins have recently become an increasingly popular cryptocurrency through which users trade electronically and more anonymously than via traditional electronic transfers. Bitcoin's design keeps all transactions in a public ledger. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-02-06 Michael Fleder , Michael S. Kester , Sudeep Pillai

Bitcoin is a decentralized crypto-currency, and an accompanying protocol, created in 2008. Bitcoin nodes continuously generate and propagate blocks---collections of newly approved transactions that are added to Bitcoin's ledger. Block…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-07-24 Ayelet Sapirshtein , Yonatan Sompolinsky , Aviv Zohar

Digital currencies represent a new method for exchange and investment that differs strongly from any other fiat money seen throughout history. A digital currency makes it possible to perform all financial transactions without the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-03-11 Xianyi Gao , Gradeigh D. Clark , Janne Lindqvist

Cryptocurrencies are distributed systems that allow exchanges of native (and non-) tokens among participants. The complete historical bookkeeping and its wide availability opens up an unprecedented possibility, i.e. that of understanding…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-12-02 Nicolò Vallarano , Claudio Tessone , Tiziano Squartini

The bitcoin peer-to-peer network has drawn significant attention from researchers, but so far has mostly focused on publicly visible portions of the network, i.e., publicly reachable peers. This mostly ignores the hidden parts of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Liang Wang , Ivan Pustogarov

Bitcoin is the first implementation of what has become known as a 'public permissionless' blockchain. Guaranteeing security and protocol conformity through its elegant combination of cryptographic assurances and game theoretic economic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-23 D. McGinn , D McIlwraith , Y. Guo

Privacy-seeking cryptocurrency users rely on anonymization techniques like CoinJoin and ring transactions. By using such technologies benign users potentially provide anonymity to bad actors. We propose overlay protocols to resolve the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Patrik Keller , Martin Florian , Rainer Böhme

Cryptocurrency off-chain networks such as Lightning (e.g., Bitcoin) or Raiden (e.g., Ethereum) aim to increase the scalability of traditional on-chain transactions. To support nodes in learning about possible paths to route their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Utz Nisslmueller , Klaus-Tycho Foerster , Stefan Schmid , Christian Decker

As the first decentralized digital currency introduced in 2009 together with the blockchain, Bitcoin offers new opportunities both for developed and developing countries. Bitcoin peer-to-peer transactions are independent of the banking…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-25 Francesco Parino , Mariano G. Beiro , Laetitia Gauvin

Bitcoin recently introduced a new protocol for the encryption of peer-to-peer (P2P) communication. The protocol, known as V2 P2P transport, represents a big step towards securing the overlay network against various previously-known attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Charmaine Ndolo , Florian Tschorsch

The very nature of operations in peer-to-peer systems such as BitTorrent exposes information about participants to their peers. Nodes desiring anonymity, therefore, often chose to route their peer-to-peer traffic through anonymity relays,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-08-16 Seth James Nielson , Dan S. Wallach

Bitcoin and many other similar Cryptocurrencies have been in existence for over a decade, prominently focusing on decentralized, pseudo-anonymous ledger-based transactions. Many protocol improvements and changes have resulted in new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Chaitanya Rahalkar , Anushka Virgaonkar

Anonymity networks are becoming increasingly popular in today's online world as more users attempt to safeguard their online privacy. Tor is currently the most popular anonymity network in use and provides anonymity to both users and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Ishan Karunanayake , Nadeem Ahmed , Robert Malaney , Rafiqul Islam , Sanjay Jha

Blockchains are typically managed by peer-to-peer (P2P) networks providing the support and substrate to the so-called distributed ledger (DLT), a replicated, shared, and synchronized data structure, geographically spread across multiple…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Sami Ben Mariem , Pedro Casas , Matteo Romiti , Benoit Donnet , Rainer Stütz , Bernhard Haslhofer

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that features a distributed, decentralized and trustworthy mechanism, which has made Bitcoin a popular global transaction platform. The transaction efficiency among nations and the privacy benefiting from address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Yu-Jing Lin , Po-Wei Wu , Cheng-Han Hsu , I-Ping Tu , Shih-wei Liao