Related papers: Luminosity levelling techniques for the LHC
The practice of luminosity levelling with an offset beam has been used as a routine operation in the LHC since 2011. This paper will describe how it has been implemented and what has been the operational experience with the system.
Absolute normalisation of the LHC measurements with O(1%) precision and their relative normalisation, for the data collected at variable centre-of-mass energies, or for variable beam particle species, with O(0.1%) precision is crucial for…
In this work we consider two ways to improve signal to background cross-sections ratio for higgs searchings at LHC: likelyhood method and advanced rapidity trigger. Both methods are universal enough, likelyhood method can be applied to any…
Three methods for handling beam-beam effects in luminosity measurement at ILC are tested and evaluated in this work. The first method represents an optimization of the LEP-type asymmetric selection cuts that reduce the counting biases. The…
Luminosity upgrade at the LHC collider using longitudinally flat bunches in combination with the large crossing angle (large Piwinski angle scheme) is being studied with renewed interest in recent years. By design, the total beam-beam tune…
This paper describes the main concepts and performance goals for the LHC and HL-LHC projects. It summarizes the main technical challenges and highlights the key technologies that have been developed for both projects.
Absolute normalisation of the LHC measurements with a precision of O(1%) is desirable but beyond the reach of the present LHC detectors. This series of papers proposes and evaluates a measurement method capable to achieve such a precision…
When one captures images in low-light conditions, the images often suffer from low visibility. This poor quality may significantly degrade the performance of many computer vision and multimedia algorithms that are primarily designed for…
In the high luminosity scenario of the LHC (HL-LHC), which will bring the instantaneous luminosity up to 7.5\,$\times$\,$10^{34}$\,cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, ATLAS and CMS will need to operate at up to 200 interactions per 25\,ns beam crossing and…
At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the CMS experiment will face a harsh environment with a high instantaneous luminosity up to 7x10$^{34}$/cm$^2$/s corresponding to an average of 140-200 multiple proton-proton collisions per bunch…
Hosting six different experiments at four different interaction points and widely different requirements for the running conditions, the LHC machine has been faced with a long list of challenges in the first three years of luminosity…
In order to estimate in absolute terms the luminosity of LHC certain beam parameters have to be measured very accurately. In particular the total beam current and the relative distribution of the charges around the ring, the transverse size…
The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will usher in a new era in high-energy physics. The HL-LHC experimental conditions entail an instantaneous luminosity of up to $7.5 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and up to 200 simultaneous collisions…
Optical dipole traps and fractional Talbot optical lattices based on the interference between multiple co-propagating laser beams are proposed. The variation of relative amplitudes and phases of the interfering light beams of these traps…
The LHCb detector has been designed to study CP violation and other rare phenomena in B-meson decays up to a luminosity of $\sim 5.10^{32}\rm cm^{-2}s^{-1}$. This paper will describe what is limiting LHCb to exploit the much higher…
The high resolution of the LHCb vertex detector makes it possible to perform precise measurements of the vertex positions of beam-gas and beam-beam interactions. With these measurements beam parameters such as width and position can be…
We report on a future multi-purpose fixed-target experiment with the proton or lead ion LHC beams extracted by a bent crystal. The multi-TeV LHC beams allow for the most energetic fixed-target experiments ever performed. Such an experiment,…
In January 2007 the CERN director general announced the plan for the staged upgrade of the LHC luminosity. The plan foresees a phase 1 upgrade reaching a peak luminosity of $3 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ followed by phase reaching up…
Astronomical images are of crucial importance for astronomers since they contain a lot of information about celestial bodies that can not be directly accessible. Most of the information available for the analysis of these objects starts…
With the purpose to devise a novel lasing scheme, we consider a two level system with both a transversal and longitudinal coupling to the electromagnetic field. If the longitudinal coupling is sufficiently strong, multi-photon transitions…