Related papers: The 1965 Penrose singularity theorem
This article is an introduction to causal properties of General Relativity. Topics include the Raychaudhuri equation, singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking, the black hole area theorem, topological censorship, and the Gao-Wald…
The purpose of this paper is to give a counterexample of Theorem 10.4 in [Ann. of Math. 102 (1975), 223-290]. In the Harvey-Lawson paper, a global result is claimed, but only a local result is proven. This theorem has had a big impact on CR…
As early as 1972, Penrose - in a purely formal way - introduced a "discontinuous coordinate transformation", which relates a continuous representation of the metric of impulsive pp-waves to a discontinuous one. On the basis of the…
This article presents a comprehensive and rigorous overview of spacetime singularities within the framework of classical General Relativity. Singularities are defined through the failure of geodesic completeness, reflecting the limits of…
Recently, the gravitational collapse of an infinite cylindrical thin shell of matter in an otherwise empty spacetime with two hypersurface orthogonal Killing vectors was studied by Gon\c{c}alves [Phys. Rev. {\bf D65}, 084045 (2002).]. By…
Penrose's singularity theorem implies that if a trapped region forms in a gravitational collapse, then a singularity must form as well within such region. However, it is widely expected that singularities should be generically avoided by…
In the last decades the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse has found a wide range of applications in many areas of Science and became a useful tool for physicists dealing, for instance, with optimization problems, with data analysis, with the…
We consider singularity theorems in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes. In the first part, we discuss the global methods used to show geodesic incompleteness and see that when the conditions imposed in Hawking and Penrose's…
Roger Penrose's 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics recognises that his identification of the concepts of "gravitational singularity" and an "incomplete, inextendible, null geodesic" is physically very important. The existence of an incomplete,…
A century ago, Einstein formulated his elegant and elaborate theory of General Relativity, which has so far withstood a multitude of empirical tests with remarkable success. Notwithstanding the triumphs of Einstein's theory, the tenacious…
In his seminal Inventiones paper from 1972 Grauert proved the existence of a semiuniversal deformation of an arbitrary complex analytic isolated singularity. For the proof he invented an approximation theorem for solving a system of…
This year marks the 100th anniversary of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (1915-2015). The first nontrivial solution of the Einstein field equations was derived by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916. This Note will focus mainly on the…
The Penrose inequality gives a lower bound for the total mass of a spacetime in terms of the area of suitable surfaces that represent black holes. Its validity is supported by the cosmic censorship conjecture and therefore its proof (or…
We establish analogues of the Hawking and Penrose singularity theorems based on (a) averaged energy conditions with exponential damping; (b) conditions on local stress-energy averages inspired by the Quantum Energy Inequalities satisfied by…
The classical Penrose inequality, a relation between the ADM mass and the area of any cross section of the black hole event horizon, was introduced as a test of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture: if it fails, the trapped surface is not…
Transforming Penrose's intuitive picture of a strong cosmic censorship principle, that generically forbids the appearance of locally naked space-time singularities, into a formal mathematical proof, remains at present, one of the most…
In this paper, we prove a similar result to the fundamental theorem of regular surfaces in classical differential geometry, which extends the classical theorem to the entire class of singular surfaces in Euclidean 3-space known as frontals.…
We characterize $d$-uple Veronese embeddings of finite-dimensional projective spaces. The easiest non-trivial instance of our theorem is the embedding of the projective plane in 5-dimensional projective space, a result obtained in 1901 by…
The first comprehensive overview of the final version of the general theory of relativity was published by Einstein in 1916 after several expositions of preliminary versions and latest revisions of the theory in November 1915. A historical…
The Einstein postulates assert an invariance of the propagation speed of light in vacuum for any observer, and which amounts to a presumed absence of any preferred frame. The postulates appear to be directly linked to relativistic effects…