Related papers: Lorentz Contracted Proton
Elastic scattering of relativistic electrons from the nucleon yields Lorentz invariant form factors that describe the fundamental distribution of charge and magnetism. The spatial dependence of the nucleon's charge and magnetism is…
We study the ratio $R\equiv\mu G_E(Q^2)/G_M(Q^2)$ of the proton at very small values of $Q^2$. Radii commonly associated with these form factors are not moments of charge or magnetization densities. We show that the form factor $F_2$ is…
The relationship between the electric form factors for the proton in the rest frame and in the Breit momentum frame is used to provide a value for the difference in the mean squared charge radius of the proton evaluated in the two frames.…
Relativistic prescriptions relating Sachs form factors to nucleon charge and magnetization densities are used to fit recent data for both the proton and the neutron. The analysis uses expansions in complete radial bases to minimize model…
Elastic scattering of relativistic electrons from the nucleon yields Lorentz invariant form factors that describe the fundamental distribution of charge and magnetism. The spatial dependence of the nucleon's charge and magnetism is…
The recent values of the proton charge radius obtained by means of muonic-hydrogen laser spectroscopy are about $4\%$ different from the electron scattering data. It has been suggested that the proton radius is actually measured in…
The standard procedure of extracting the proton root-mean-square radii from models for the Sachs form factors $G_e (q)$ and $G_m (q)$ fitted to elastic electron-proton scattering data %has a serious flaw. is more uncertain than…
In contrast with common non-relativistic lore, the usual Sachs form factors are not the Fourier transforms of charge or magnetization densities. Instead, the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the electromagnetic $F_1$ form factor is the…
A puzzling discrepancy exists between the values of the proton charge radius obtained using different experimental techniques: elastic electron-proton scattering and spectroscopy of electronic and muonic hydrogen. The proton radius is…
The rms-radius $R$ of the proton charge distribution is a fundamental quantity needed for precision physics. This radius, traditionally determined from elastic electron-proton scattering via the slope of the Sachs form factor $G_e(q^2)$…
The study of protons, fundamental constituents of atomic nuclei, is crucial for understanding nuclear physics and fundamental forces. This review examines advancements in extracting electromagnetic form factors, essential for probing proton…
A Fourier-Bessel analysis is used to fit charge and magnetization densities to data for the nucleon Sachs form factors. The neutron and proton magnetization densities are very similar, but the proton charge density is significantly softer.…
As well known, spacelike proton form factors expressed in the Breit frame may be interpreted as the Fourier transform of static space distributions of electric charge and current. In particular, the electric form factor is simply the…
We calculate the two-photon exchange corrections to electron-proton scattering with nucleon and $\Delta$ intermediate states. The results show a dependence on the elastic nucleon and nucleon-$\Delta$-transition form factors used as input…
The electromagnetic form factors of the proton and the neutron are computed within lattice QCD using simulations with quarks masses fixed to their physical values. Both connected and disconnected contributions are computed. We analyze two…
We compute the electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron using lattice QCD. We employ $N_\mathrm{f}$=2+1+1 twisted mass clover-improved fermions with quark masses tuned to their physical values. Three ensembles with lattice…
We present an updated extraction of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio, mu_p G_E/G_M, at low Q^2. The form factors are sensitive to the spatial distribution of the proton, and precise measurements can be used to constrain models…
The ratio of the proton's elastic electromagnetic form factors was obtained by measuring the transverse and longitudinal polarizations of recoiling protons from the elastic scattering of polarized electrons with unpolarized protons. The…
The gravitational form factors which are obtained from the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor provide us information about internal distributions of mass, energy, pressure and shear. The Druck term is the least understood among…
The ratio of electric to magnetic proton form factors G_E/G_M as measured in polarization transfer experiments shows a characteristic linear decrease with increasing momentum transfer Q^2. We present a simple argument how such a decrease…