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In free-space Quantum Key Distribution in turbulent conditions, scattering and beam wandering cause intensity fluctuations which increase the detected signal-to-noise ratio. This effect can be mitigated by rejecting received bits when the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Eleftherios Moschandreou , Brian J. Rollick , Bing Qi , George Siopsis

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) is a novel protocol which eliminates all possible attacks on detector side and necessity of reference-frame alignment in source sides.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Feng-Yu Lu , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan , Rong Wang , Hang Liu , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , De-Yong He

Decoy-state methods [1-3] are essential to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) at large distances in the absence of single photon sources. However, the standard techniques apply only if laser pulses are used that are independent and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Shlok Nahar , Twesh Upadhyaya , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables the sharing of cryptographic keys secured by quantum mechanics. The BB84 protocol assumed single-photon sources, but practical systems rely on weak coherent pulses vulnerable to photon-number-splitting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Ibrahim Almosallam

Decoy state method quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the promising practical solutions to BB84 QKD with coherent light pulses. In the real world, however, statistical fluctuations with the finite code length cannot be negligible, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-25 Jun Hasegawa , Masahito Hayashi , Tohya Hiroshima , Akihisa Tomita

The decoy-state method is a prominent approach to enhance the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that operate with weak coherent laser sources. Due to the limited transmissivity of single photons in optical fiber, current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Daniil Trefilov , Xoel Sixto , Víctor Zapatero , Anqi Huang , Marcos Curty , Vadim Makarov

We present results of practical sending-or-not quantum key distribution. In real-life implementations, we need consider the following three requirements, a few different intensities rather than infinite number of different intensities, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-02 Zong-Wen Yu , Xiao-Long Hu , Cong Jiang , Hai Xu , Xiang-Bin Wang

We propose a practical decoy state method with heralded single photon source for quantum key distribution (QKD). In the protocol, 3 intensities are used and one can estimate the fraction of single-photon counts. The final key rate over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Qin Wang , Xiang-Bin Wang , Guang-Can Guo

Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution protocols when a coherent state source is used. Previously, data post-processing schemes based on one-way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 Xiongfeng Ma , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Frédéric Dupuis , Kai Chen , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We present a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) using single photons in a linear superposition of three orthogonal time-bin states, for generating the key. The orthogonal states correspond to three distinct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Shashank Kumar Ranu , Anil Prabhakar , Prabha Mandayam

The existing decoy-state MDI-QKD theory assumes the perfect control of the source states which is a an impossible task for any real setup. In this paper, we study the decoy-state MDI-QKD method with source errors without any presumed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-01 Cong Jiang , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) has been demonstrated in both laboratories and field-tests using attenuated lasers combined with the decoy-state technique. Although researchers have studied various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-03 Feihu Xu , He Xu , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We present a method without decoy state to estimate faithfully and efficiently the yield and quantum bit error rate of single photon pulse for BB84 protocol. The numerical calculations show that key generation rate and maximal secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-04 Shi-Hai Sun , Cheng-Zu Li

There has been much interest in quantum key distribution. Experimentally, quantum key distribution over 150 km of commercial Telecom fibers has been successfully performed. The crucial issue in quantum key distribution is its security.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Xiongfeng Ma , Kai Chen

The performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely limited by multiphoton emissions, due to the photon-number-splitting attack. The most efficient solution, the decoy-state method, requires that the phases of all transmitted…

We show that the three-intensity protocol for measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) can be done with different light intensities in {\em only one} basis. Given the fact that the exact values yields of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-03 Zong-Wen Yu , Yi-Heng Zhou , Xiang-bin Wang

In the decoy quantum key distribution, we show that a smaller decoy intensity gives a better key generation rate in the asymptotic setting when we employ only one decoy intensity and the vacuum pulse. In particular, the counting rate of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Masahito Hayashi

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely threatened by discrepancies between realistic devices and theoretical assumptions. Recently, a significant framework called the reference technique was proposed to provide security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Jie Gu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yao Fu , Zong-Wu He , Ze-Jie Yin , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We implement a decoy-state quantum key distribution scheme using a telecom C-band single-emitter source. The decoy states are created by varying the optical excitation of the quantum emitter to modulate the photon number distribution. We…

We propose an enhanced discrimination measurement for tripartite 3-dimensional entangled states in order to improve the discernible number of orthogonal entangled states. The scheme suggests 3-dimensional Bell state measurement by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-28 Yonggi Jo , Kwangil Bae , Wonmin Son