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Quantum computing is poised to redefine the algorithmic foundations of communication systems. While quantum superposition and entanglement enable quadratic or exponential speedups for specific problems, identifying use cases where these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-10 Naoki Ishikawa , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Petar Popovski , Robert W. Heath

In the era of 6G and beyond, space-aerial-terrestrial quantum networks (SATQNs) are shaping the future of the global-scale quantum Internet. This paper investigates the collaboration among satellite, aerial, and terrestrial quantum networks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Yu Zhang , Yanmin Gong , Lei Fan , Yu Wang , Zhu Han , Yuanxiong Guo

Quantum communication between distant parties is based on suitable instances of shared entanglement. For efficiency reasons, in an anticipated quantum network beyond point-to-point communication, it is preferable that many parties can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 F. Hahn , A. Pappa , J. Eisert

We propose an approach to distribute high-fidelity long-range entanglement in a quantum network assisted by the entanglement supplied by auxiliary short-range paths between the network nodes. Entanglement assistance in the form of shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 Siddhartha Santra , Vladimir S. Malinovsky

We propose a realistic protocol to generate entanglement between quantum memories at neighboring nodes in hybrid quantum repeaters. Generated entanglement includes only one type of error, which enables efficient entanglement distillation.…

Progress in the development of techniques for the construction of multiuser quantum communications networks is reviewed in light of the plans for an EU quantum communications infrastructure (EU QCI). Quantum key distribution networks may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-06 Adam M. Lewis , Petra F. Scudo

We propose a novel one-way quantum repeater architecture based on photonic tree-cluster states. Encoding a qubit in a photonic tree-cluster protects the information from transmission loss and enables long-range quantum communication through…

Large-scale quantum networks with thousands of nodes require scalable network protocols and physical hardware to realize. In this work, we introduce packet switching as a new paradigm for quantum data transmission in both future and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Stephen DiAdamo , Bing Qi , Glen Miller , Ramana Kompella , Alireza Shabani

Quantum networks use quantum mechanics properties of entanglement and teleportation to transfer data from one node to another. Hence, it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to distribute entanglement among quantum network nodes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Dibakar Das , Shiva Kumar Malapaka , Jyotsna Bapat , Debabrata Das

Long-distance quantum communication requires quantum repeaters to overcome photon loss in optical fibers. Here we demonstrate a repeater node with two memory atoms in an optical cavity. Both atoms are individually and repeatedly entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 S. Langenfeld , P. Thomas , O. Morin , G. Rempe

As quantum key distribution becomes increasingly practical, questions of how to effectively employ it in large-scale networks and over large distances becomes increasingly important. To that end, in this work, we model the performance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec , Bing Wang

Single photons are the flying qubits of choice for distributing entanglement in a quantum internet. Quantum memories embedded in quantum repeaters are crucial to overcome transmission loss and enhance the rate of quantum communication. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 H. -X Luo , C. Li , J. -L. Ren , Y. Yuan , Y. -L. Wen , J. -F. Li , Y. -F. Wang , S. -C. Zhang , H. Yan , S. -L. Zhu

Entanglement is a unique resource for quantum-enhanced applications. When employed in sensing, shared entanglement between distributed quantum sensors enables a substantial gain in the measurement sensitivity in estimating global parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Yi Xia , Quntao Zhuang , William Clark , Zheshen Zhang

All-photonic quantum repeaters are essential for establishing long-range quantum entanglement. Within repeater nodes, reliably performing entanglement swapping is a key component of scalable quantum communication. To tackle the challenge of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-14 Bikun Li , Kenneth Goodenough , Filip Rozpędek , Liang Jiang

Quantum networks are composed of nodes which can send and receive quantum states by exchanging photons. Their goal is to facilitate quantum communication between any nodes, something which can be used to send secret messages in a secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonio Acin , J. Ignacio Cirac , Maciej Lewenstein

In quantum networks, effective entanglement routing facilitates remote entanglement communication between quantum source and quantum destination nodes. Unlike routing in classical networks, entanglement routing in quantum networks must…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Rakpong Kaewpuang , Minrui Xu , Stephen John Turner , Dusit Niyato , Han Yu , Dong In Kim

A quantum repeater scheme based on cavity-QED and quantum error correction of channel loss via rotation-symmetric bosonic codes (RSBC) is proposed to distribute atomic entangled states over long distances without memories and at high clock…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Pei-Zhe Li , Peter van Loock

Distributing quantum states reliably among distant locations is a key challenge in the field of quantum networks. One-way quantum networks address this by using one-way communication and quantum error correction. Here, we analyze quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Hyeongrak Choi , Dirk Englund , Stephanie Wehner

Long-distance entanglement distribution is the key task for quantum networks, enabling applications such as secure communication and distributed quantum computing. Here we report on novel developments extending the reach for sharing…

Existing quantum routing implicitly mimics classical routing principles, with finding the ``best'' path (aka pathfinding), according to a selected routing metric, as a core mechanism for establishing end-to-end entanglement. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Si-Yi Chen , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi
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