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Two protocols of quantum direct communication with authentication [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 73}, 042305 (2006)] are recently proposed by Lee, Lim and Yang. In this paper we will show that in the two protocols the authenticator Trent should be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Zhan-jun Zhang

A notion of asymmetric quantum dialogue (AQD) is introduced. Conventional protocols of quantum dialogue are essentially symmetric as both the users (Alice and Bob) can encode the same amount of classical information. In contrast, the scheme…

In the direct communication quantum channels the authorized recipient (Bob) and the non-authorized recipient (Eve) have different abilities for verification of received information. Bob can apply the feedback to commit the sender (Alice) to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Constantin V. Usenko

The counterfactuality of recently proposed protocols is analyzed. A definition of `counterfactuality' is offered and it is argued that an interaction-free measurement of the presence of an opaque object can be named `counterfactual', while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-10 Lev Vaidman

Based on principle of quantum mechanics, quantum cryptography provides an intriguing way to establish secret keys between remote parties, generally relying on actual transmission of signal particles. Surprisingly, an even more striking…

In counterfactual QKD information is transfered, in a secure way, between Alice and Bob even when no particle carrying the information is in fact transmitted between them. In this letter we fully implement the scheme for counterfactual QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-20 Giorgio Brida , Andrea Cavanna , Ivo Pietro Degiovanni , Marco Genovese , Paolo Traina

We explore a counterfactual protocol for energy transfer. A modified version of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer dissociates a photon's position and energy into separate channels, resulting in a photoelectric effect in one channel without the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-12 A. Ludu , J. A. Morris , C. Rugina

In the present work, we provide a new quantum secure direct communication protocol and its experimental implementation. The proposed protocol can be used to transfer, in a secure way, continuous signals, like audio signal, from Alice to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 V. F. Guedes , S. T. de Oliveira , G. L. de Oliveira , J. B. R. Silva , R. V. Ramos

We obtain strict upper bounds on the bit transmission rate for communication of Classical bit codewords over Quantum channels. Albeit previous arguments in arXiv: 1804.01797 which have demonstrated that lower bounds can be shown to hold for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Pete Rigas

Counterfactual quantum key distribution provides natural advantage against the eavesdropping on the actual signal particles. It can prevent the photon-number-splitting attack when a weak coherent light source is used for the practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Min Ren , Guang Wu , E Wu , Heping Zeng

A theoretical scheme for controlled and secure direct communication is proposed. The communication is based on GHZ state and controlled quantum teleportation. After insuring the security of the quantum channel (a set of qubits in the GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Ting Gao

Counterfactual quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two parties to share a secret key using an interaction-free measurement. Here, we point out that the efficiency of counterfactual QKD protocols can be enhanced by including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Vinod N. Rao , R. Srikanth

Within quantum information, many methods have been proposed to avoid or correct the deleterious effects of the environment on a system of interest. In this work, expanding on our earlier paper [G. A. Paz-Silva et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-26 Jason M. Dominy , Gerardo A. Paz-Silva , A. T. Rezakhani , D. A. Lidar

Quantum Counterfactual Communication is the recently-proposed idea of using quantum physics to send messages between two parties, without any matter/energy transfer associated with the bits sent. While this has excited massive interest,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-08 Jonte R. Hance , James Ladyman , John Rarity

A protocol for transmission of information between two parties introduced by Salih et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 170502 (hereafter SLAZ), involves sending quantum amplitude back and forth through a quantum channel in a series of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Robert B. Griffiths

The security of two-state quantum key distribution against individual attack is estimated when the channel has losses and noises. We assume that Alice and Bob use two nonorthogonal single-photon polarization states. To make our analysis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Masato Koashi , Nobuyuki Imoto

Encoding schemes and error-correcting codes are widely used in information technology to improve the reliability of data transmission over real-world communication channels. Quantum information protocols can further enhance the performance…

Nonclassical correlations between the quadrature-phase amplitudes of two spatially separated optical beams are exploited to realize a two-channel quantum communication experiment with a high degree of immunity to interception. For this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 S. F. Pereira , Z. Y. Ou , H. J. Kimble

We devise a new technique to enhance transmission of quantum information through linear optical quantum information processors. The idea is based on applying the Quantum Zeno effect to the process of photon absorption. By frequently…

We consider situations in which i) Alice wishes to send quantum information to Bob via a noisy quantum channel, ii) Alice has a classical description of the states she wishes to send and iii) Alice can make use of a finite amount of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jonathan Barrett