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We present the SPEX software package for modeling and fitting X-ray spectra. Our group has developed spectral models, atomic data and code for X-ray applications since the 1970's. Since the 1990's these are further developed in the public…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-18 Jelle de Plaa , Jelle S. Kaastra , Liyi Gu , Junjie Mao , Ton Raassen

Pseudo-heterodyne scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (sSNOM) is applied in the mid-infrared region to detect the chemical composition of biomolecules on the nanoscale. However, the application of sSNOM in molecular…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-06 Yusuke Sakiyama , Emanuel Pfitzner , Santiago H. Andany , Georg E. Fantner , Joachim Heberle

Due to the instrument's non-trivial resolution function, measurements on triple-axis spectrometers require extra care from the experimenter in order to obtain optimal results and to avoid unwanted spurious artefacts. We present a free and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-02-17 T. Weber , R. Georgii , P. Böni

Understanding and manipulating two-dimensional materials for real-world applications remains challenging due to a lack of effective and high-throughput characterization techniques. Soft X-ray time-of-flight photoemission electron microscopy…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-22 Aashwin Mishra , Daniel Ratner , Quynh Nguyen

We present PyAtoms, an interactive open-source software that rapidly simulates atomic-scale scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and other scanning probe microscopy (SPM) images of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, moir\'{e} systems,…

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is an extremely versatile method for studying materials on the atomic scale. Many STEM experiments are supported or validated with electron scattering simulations. However, using the…

Progress in spintronics has been aided by characterization tools tailored to certain archetypical materials. New device structures and materials will require characterization tools that are material independent, provide sufficient…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-12-17 V. P. Bhallamudi , C. S. Wolfe , V. P. Amin , D. E. Labanowski , A. J. Berger , D. Stroud , J. Sinova , P. C. Hammel

The ongoing miniaturization in nanoscience and -technology challenges the sensitivity and selectivity of experimental analysis methods to the ultimate level of single atoms and molecules. A promising new approach, addressed here, focuses on…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-03-28 Stefan Müllegger , Stefano Tebi , Amal K. Das , Wolfgang Schöfberger , Felix Faschinger , Reinhold Koch

Since the dawn of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), tapping or intermittent contact mode has been one of the most widely used imaging modes. Manual optimization of tapping mode not only takes a lot of instrument and operator time, but also…

We present Full SMS, a multipurpose graphical user interface (GUI)-based software package for analysing single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) data. SMS typically delivers multiparameter data -- such as fluorescence brightness, lifetime, and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Joshua L. Botha , Bertus van Heerden , Tjaart P. J. Krüger

A spectroscopic imaging-scanning tunneling microscope (SI-STM) allows the atomic scale visualization of surface electronic and magnetic structure of novel quantum materials with high energy resolution. To achieve the optimal performance,…

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been equipped with a nanoscale force sensor and signal transducer composed of a single D2 molecule that is confined in the STM junction. The uncalibrated sensor is used to obtain ultra-high…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 C. Weiss , C. Wagner , C. Kleimann , M. Rohlfing , F. S. Tautz , R. Temirov

Microscopy, in particular scanning probe and electron microscopy, has been pivotal in improving our understanding of structure-function relationships at the nanoscale and is by now ubiquitous in most research characterization labs and…

Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) material with unique electronic properties, appears to be an ideal object for the application of surface-science methods. Among them, a family of scanning probe microscopy methods (STM, AFM, KPFM) and the…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-03-30 Yuriy Dedkov , Elena Voloshina , Mikhail Fonin

Though quite challenging, leveraging large-scale unlabeled or partially labeled images in a cost-effective way has increasingly attracted interests for its great importance to computer vision. To tackle this problem, many Active Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Keze Wang , Xiaopeng Yan , Dongyu Zhang , Lei Zhang , Liang Lin

Nanomechanical sensors and quantum nanosensors are two rapidly developing technologies that have diverse interdisciplinary applications in biological and chemical analysis and microscopy. For example, nanomechanical sensors based upon…

The microwave properties of nano-scale structures are important in a wide variety of applications in quantum technology. Here we describe a low-power cryogenic near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) which maintains nano-scale…

Here a new microscopic method is proposed to image and characterize very thin samples like few-layer materials, organic molecules, and nanostructures with nanometer or sub-nanometer resolution using electron beams of energies lower than 20…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-01-06 Ing-Shouh Hwang

Fast scanning probe microscopy enabled via machine learning allows for a broad range of nanoscale, temporally resolved physics to be uncovered. However, such examples for functional imaging are few in number. Here, using piezoresponse force…

We present a comprehensive guide to light-sheet microscopy (LSM) to assist scientists in navigating the practical implementation of this microscopy technique. Emphasizing the applicability of LSM to image both static microscale and…

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