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Wide-field (> 100 deg$^2$) hard X-ray coded-aperture telescopes with high angular resolution (< 2') will enable a wide range of time domain astrophysics. For instance, transient sources such as gamma-ray bursts can be precisely localized…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-28 Jaesub Hong , Branden Allen , Jonathan Grindlay , Scott Barthelmy

Diffusion models have been recently studied as powerful generative inverse problem solvers, owing to their high quality reconstructions and the ease of combining existing iterative solvers. However, most works focus on solving simple linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-06 Hyungjin Chung , Jeongsol Kim , Michael T. Mccann , Marc L. Klasky , Jong Chul Ye

We consider the standard Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test of a signal-plus-background hypothesis and background-only hypothesis in the presence of uncertainty on the background-only prediction. Surprisingly, this problem has not been…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-11-18 Kyle S. Cranmer

We propose a novel approach for density estimation called histogram trend filtering. Our estimator arises from looking at surrogate Poisson model for counts of observations in a partition of the support of the data. We begin by showing…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-02-09 Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , James G. Scott

Density regression provides a flexible strategy for modeling the distribution of a response variable $Y$ given predictors $\mathbf{X}=(X_1,\ldots,X_p)$ by letting that the conditional density of $Y$ given $\mathbf{X}$ as a completely…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-07 Weining Shen , Subhashis Ghosal

We consider the issue of reporting the result of search experiment in the most unbiased and efficient way, i.e. in a way which allows an easy interpretation and combination of results and which do not depend on whether the experimenters…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Astone , G. D'Agostini

We show how to obtain a Bayesian estimate of the rates or numbers of signal and background events from a set of events when the shapes of the signal and background distributions are known, can be estimated, or approximated; our method works…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Will M. Farr , Jonathan R. Gair , Ilya Mandel , Curt Cutler

Data on count processes arise in a variety of applications, including longitudinal, spatial and imaging studies measuring count responses. The literature on statistical models for dependent count data is dominated by models built from…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-10-08 Antonio Canale , David B. Dunson

In this paper, we study a class of non-parametric density estimators under Bayesian settings. The estimators are piecewise constant functions on binary partitions. We analyze the concentration rate of the posterior distribution under a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-21 Linxi Liu , Wing Hung Wong

Sources generating most of the X-ray background (XRB) are dispersed over a wide range of redshifts. Thus, statistical characteristics of the source distribution carry information on matter distribution on very large scales. We test the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 A. M. Soltan , M. J. Chodorowski

Random arrangements of points in the plane, interacting only through a simple hard core exclusion, are considered. An intensity parameter controls the average density of arrangements, in analogy with the Poisson point process. It is proved…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-08-18 David Aristoff

Using the measurements collected at a number of known locations by a moving binary sensor, characterised by an unknown threshold, the problem is to estimate the parameters of a biochemical source, continuously releasing material into the…

Applications · Statistics 2016-08-24 Branko Ristic , Ajith Gunatilaka , Ralph Gailis

We develop and apply an analytic method to predict peak counts in weak-lensing surveys. It is based on the theory of Gaussian random fields and suitable to quantify the level of spurious detections caused by chance projections of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 M. Maturi , C. Angrick , M. Bartelmann , F. Pace

We introduce a procedure to automatically count and locate the fluorescent particles in a microscopy image. Our procedure employs an approximate likelihood estimator derived from a Poisson random field model for photon emission. Estimates…

Applications · Statistics 2010-11-10 John Hughes , John Fricks , William Hancock

Bayes factor sensitivity analysis examines how the evidence for one hypothesis over another depends on the prior distribution. In complex models, the standard approach refits the model at each hyper-parameter value, and the total…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 František Bartoš , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers , Maarten Marsman , Don van den Bergh

Although continuous density estimation has received abundant attention in the Bayesian nonparametrics literature, there is limited theory on multivariate mixed scale density estimation. In this note, we consider a general framework to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-26 Antonio Canale , David B. Dunson

In the context of assessing and characterizing structures in X-ray images, we compare different approaches. Most often the intensity level is very low and necessitates a special treatment of Poisson statistics. The method based on wavelet…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Jean-Luc Starck , Marguerite Pierre

Spatial intensity moments computed on images can be used as a probe of the centroid, size, and orientation of pixelized sources such as stars and galaxies. However, all measurements made on images suffer from errors due to undersampling and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-11 Andrew K. Bradshaw

We present a continuation method that entails generating a sequence of transition probability density functions from the prior to the posterior in the context of Bayesian inference for parameter estimation problems. The characterization of…

Computation · Statistics 2019-11-27 Ben Mansour Dia

Bayesian hierarchical models are commonly employed for inference in count datasets, as they account for multiple levels of variation by incorporating prior distributions for parameters at different levels. Examples include Beta-Binomial,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-04 Yuexi Wang , Nicholas G. Polson