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Explainable NLP techniques primarily explain by answering "Which tokens in the input are responsible for this prediction?''. We argue that for NLP models that make predictions by comparing two input texts, it is more useful to explain by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Eleftheria Briakou , Navita Goyal , Marine Carpuat

The recent tremendous success of unsupervised word embeddings in a multitude of applications raises the obvious question if similar methods could be derived to improve embeddings (i.e. semantic representations) of word sequences as well. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Matteo Pagliardini , Prakhar Gupta , Martin Jaggi

An ongoing challenge in current natural language processing is how its major advancements tend to disproportionately favor resource-rich languages, leaving a significant number of under-resourced languages behind. Due to the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Ruoyu Xie , Antonios Anastasopoulos

The impressive performance of GPT-3 using natural language prompts and in-context learning has inspired work on better fine-tuning of moderately-sized models under this paradigm. Following this line of work, we present a contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Yiren Jian , Chongyang Gao , Soroush Vosoughi

Self-supervised speech representation learning has recently been a prosperous research topic. Many algorithms have been proposed for learning useful representations from large-scale unlabeled data, and their applications to a wide range of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-03 Yu-An Chung , Yonatan Belinkov , James Glass

Acoustic Word Embeddings (AWEs) improve the efficiency of speech retrieval tasks such as Spoken Term Detection (STD) and Keyword Spotting (KWS). However, existing approaches suffer from limitations, including unimodal supervision, disjoint…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ramesh Gundluru , Shubham Gupta , Sri Rama Murty K

Unsupervised relation extraction aims to extract the relationship between entities from natural language sentences without prior information on relational scope or distribution. Existing works either utilize self-supervised schemes to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shuliang Liu , Xuming Hu , Chenwei Zhang , Shu`ang Li , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu

Visual and linguistic pre-training aims to learn vision and language representations together, which can be transferred to visual-linguistic downstream tasks. However, there exists semantic confusion between language and vision during the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Shentong Mo , Jingfei Xia , Ihor Markevych

Contrastive learning has been widely studied in sentence representation learning. However, earlier works mainly focus on the construction of positive examples, while in-batch samples are often simply treated as negative examples. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Jinghao Deng , Fanqi Wan , Tao Yang , Xiaojun Quan , Rui Wang

Word alignment over parallel corpora has a wide variety of applications, including learning translation lexicons, cross-lingual transfer of language processing tools, and automatic evaluation or analysis of translation outputs. The great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Zi-Yi Dou , Graham Neubig

Cross-lingual summarization (CLS) is a sophisticated branch in Natural Language Processing that demands models to accurately translate and summarize articles from different source languages. Despite the improvement of the subsequent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Sanzana Karim Lora , M. Sohel Rahman , Rifat Shahriyar

Contrastive learning enables learning useful audio and speech representations without ground-truth labels by maximizing the similarity between latent representations of similar signal segments. In this framework various data augmentation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-11 Salah Zaiem , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid

Current emotion-based contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP) methods typically learn by na\"ively aligning audio samples with corresponding text prompts. Consequently, this approach fails to capture the ordinal nature of emotions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shreeram Suresh Chandra , Lucas Goncalves , Junchen Lu , Carlos Busso , Berrak Sisman

Machine unlearning aims to eliminate the influence of a subset of training samples (i.e., unlearning samples) from a trained model. Effectively and efficiently removing the unlearning samples without negatively impacting the overall model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Hong kyu Lee , Qiuchen Zhang , Carl Yang , Jian Lou , Li Xiong

We focus on the problem of segmenting a certain object referred by a natural language sentence in video content, at the core of formulating a pinpoint vision-language relation. While existing attempts mainly construct such relation in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Chen Liang , Yawei Luo , Yu Wu , Yi Yang

Much more attention has been paid to unsupervised feature selection nowadays due to the emergence of massive unlabeled data. The distribution of samples and the latent effect of training a learning method using samples in more effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Weiyi Li , Hongmei Chen , Tianrui Li , Jihong Wan , Binbin Sang

Contrastive learning is a family of self-supervised methods where a model is trained to solve a classification task constructed from unlabeled data. It has recently emerged as one of the leading learning paradigms in the absence of labels…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-05 Bingbin Liu , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski

Contrastive learning (CL) has achieved astonishing progress in computer vision, speech, and natural language processing fields recently with self-supervised learning. However, CL approach to the supervised setting is not fully explored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Zhenyu Zhang , Yuming Zhao , Meng Chen , Xiaodong He

Contrastive learning is a powerful technique for discovering meaningful data representations by optimizing objectives based on $\textit{contrastive information}$, often given as a set of weighted triplets $\{(x_i, y_i^+, z_{i}^-)\}_{i =…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jingming Yan , Yiyuan Luo , Vaggos Chatziafratis , Ioannis Panageas , Parnian Shahkar , Stelios Stavroulakis

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a growingly essential task in natural language understanding, which requires inferring the relationship between the sentence pairs (premise and hypothesis). Recently, low-resource natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Shu'ang Li , Xuming Hu , Li Lin , Aiwei Liu , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu