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This simple note lays out a few observations which are well known in many ways but may not have been said in quite this way before. The basic idea is that when comparing two different Markov chains it is useful to couple them is such a way…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-11-16 James E. Johndrow , Jonathan C. Mattingly

This is the third paper in a series devoted to enumerating the prime alternating knots and links. This paper establishes a method for enumerating the prime alternating links. It is shown that one may choose any prime alternating link…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stuart Rankin , Ortho Smith

We introduce natural language processing into the study of knot theory, as made natural by the braid word representation of knots. We study the UNKNOT problem of determining whether or not a given knot is the unknot. After describing an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-11-02 Sergei Gukov , James Halverson , Fabian Ruehle , Piotr Sułkowski

This paper investigates the performance of streaming codes in low-latency applications over a multi-link three-node relayed network. The source wishes to transmit a sequence of messages to the destination through a relay. Each message must…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Gustavo Kasper Facenda , Elad Domanovitz , Ashish Khisti , Wai-Tian Tan , John Apostolopoulos

Bankwitz characterized an alternating diagram representing the trivial knot. A non-alternating diagram is called almost alternating if one crossing change makes the diagram alternating. We characterize an almost alternaing diagram…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Tatsuya Tsukamoto

Filterless optical transport networks relies on passive optical interconnections between nodes, i.e., on splitters/couplers and amplifiers. While different studies have investigated their design, none of them offer a solution for an optimal…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Brigitte Jaumard , Yan Wang

Combining simulations and theory I study the interplay between bundle elastic degrees of freedom and crosslink binding propensity. By slowly driving bundles into a deformed configuration, and depending on the mechanical stiffness of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2011-05-20 Claus Heussinger

In the well-known Minimum Linear Arrangement problem (MinLA), the goal is to arrange the nodes of an undirected graph into a permutation so that the total stretch of the edges is minimized. This paper studies an online (learning) variant of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Julien Dallot , Maciej Pacut , Marcin Bienkowski , Darya Melnyk , Stefan Schmid

Reconstructing the structural connectivity between interacting units from observed activity is a challenge across many different disciplines. The fundamental first step is to establish whether or to what extent the interactions between the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-02 Elliot A. Martin , Jaroslav Hlinka , Jörn Davidsen

We prove that certain problems naturally arising in knot theory are NP--hard or NP--complete. These are the problems of obtaining one diagram from another one of a link in a bounded number of Reidemeister moves, determining whether a link…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-17 Dale Koenig , Anastasiia Tsvietkova

We study augmenting a plane Euclidean network with a segment, called a shortcut, to minimize the largest distance between any two points along the edges of the resulting network. Problems of this type have received considerable attention…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Delia Garijo , Alberto Márquez , Natalia Rodríguez , Rodrigo I. Silveira

Traffic dynamics on single or isolated complex networks has been extensively studied in the past decade. Recently, several coupled network models have been developed to describe the interactions between real-world networked systems. In a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-12-12 Jiajing Wu , Jian Zhong , Zhenhao Chen

The evolution of complex transport networks is investigated under three strategies of link removal: random, intentional attack and "Pseudo-Darwinian" strategy. At each evolution step and regarding the selected strategy, one removes either a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-10-14 Geoffroy Berthelot , Liubov Tupikina , Min-Yeong Kang , Bernard Sapoval , Denis S. Grebenkov

Creating new ties in a social network facilitates knowledge exchange and affects positional advantage. In this paper, we study the process, which we call network building, of establishing ties between two existing social networks in order…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-05-13 Anastasia Moskvina , Jiamou Liu

Here we introduce a model in which individuals differ in the rate at which they seek new interactions with others, making rational decisions modeled as general symmetric two-player games. Once a link between two individuals has formed, the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Jorge M. Pacheco , Arne Traulsen , Martin A. Nowak

Consider the following one-player game. Take a well-formed sequence of opening and closing brackets. As a move, the player can pair any opening bracket with any closing bracket to its right, erasing them. The goal is to re-pair (erase) the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Dmitry Chistikov , Mikhail Vyalyi

We define and compare several natural ways to compute the bridge number of a knot diagram. We study bridge numbers of crossing number minimizing diagrams, as well as the behavior of diagrammatic bridge numbers under the connected sum…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-07-09 Ryan Blair , Alexandra A. Kjuchukova , Makoto Ozawa

We consider a cyber-physical system consisting of two interacting networks, i.e., a cyber-network overlaying a physical-network. It is envisioned that these systems are more vulnerable to attacks since node failures in one network may…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-08-06 Osman Yagan , Dajun Qian , Junshan Zhang , Douglas Cochran

We study dynamic network formation from a centralized perspective. In each period, the social planner builds a single link to connect previously unlinked pairs. The social planner is forward-looking, with instantaneous utility monotonic in…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-26 Yang Sun , Wei Zhao , Junjie Zhou

We categorise coherent band (aka nullification) pathways between knots and 2-component links. Additionally, we characterise the minimal coherent band pathways (with intermediates) between any two knots or 2-component links with small…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Dorothy Buck , Kai Ishihara