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Model trees provide an appealing way to perform interpretable machine learning for both classification and regression problems. In contrast to ``classic'' decision trees with constant values in their leaves, model trees can use linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sabino Francesco Roselli , Eibe Frank

Data quality is crucial for robust machine learning algorithms, with the recent interest in data-centric AI emphasizing the importance of training data characterization. However, current data characterization methods are largely focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Nabeel Seedat , Jonathan Crabbé , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

We study the problem of estimating the effect function for a continuous treatment, which maps each treatment value to a population-averaged outcome. A central challenge in this setting is confounding: treatment assignment often depends on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-29 Seok-Jin Kim , Kaizheng Wang

The perspective of developing trustworthy AI for critical applications in science and engineering requires machine learning techniques that are capable of estimating their own uncertainty. In the context of regression, instead of estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Quentin Duchemin , Guillaume Obozinski

An important task in drug development is to identify patients, which respond better or worse to an experimental treatment. Identifying predictive covariates, which influence the treatment effect and can be used to define subgroups of…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-27 Marius Thomas , Björn Bornkamp , Katja Ickstadt

Finding interactions between variables in large and high-dimensional datasets is often a serious computational challenge. Most approaches build up interaction sets incrementally, adding variables in a greedy fashion. The drawback is that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-27 Rajen Dinesh Shah , Nicolai Meinshausen

We propose an approach to better inform treatment decisions at an individual level by adapting recent advances in average treatment effect estimation to conditional average treatment effect estimation. Our work is based on doubly robust…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-13 Aaron Fisher , Virginia Fisher

Decision tree is an important method for both induction research and data mining, which is mainly used for model classification and prediction. ID3 algorithm is the most widely used algorithm in the decision tree so far. In this paper, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-02 Singh Vijendra , Hemjyotsana Parashar , Nisha Vasudeva

We study the problem of learning to choose from m discrete treatment options (e.g., news item or medical drug) the one with best causal effect for a particular instance (e.g., user or patient) where the training data consists of passive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-02 Nathan Kallus

Precision medicine is an emerging field that takes into account individual heterogeneity to inform better clinical practice. In clinical trials, the evaluation of treatment effect heterogeneity is an important component, and recently, many…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Yuejia Xu , Angela M. Wood , Brian D. M. Tom

Personalized medicine, a paradigm of medicine tailored to a patient's characteristics, is an increasingly attractive field in health care. An important goal of personalized medicine is to identify a subgroup of patients, based on baseline…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Hengrui Cai , Wenbin Lu , Rachel Marceau West , Devan V. Mehrotra , Lingkang Huang

Linear regression is arguably the most fundamental statistical model; however, the validity of its use in randomized clinical trials, despite being common practice, has never been crystal clear, particularly when stratified or…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-14 Wei Ma , Fuyi Tu , Hanzhong Liu

The regression discontinuity (RD) design is widely used for program evaluation with observational data. The primary focus of the existing literature has been the estimation of the local average treatment effect at the existing treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-05 Yi Zhang , Eli Ben-Michael , Kosuke Imai

In order to speed-up classification models when facing a large number of categories, one usual approach consists in organizing the categories in a particular structure, this structure being then used as a way to speed-up the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Aurélia Léon , Ludovic Denoyer

The preponderance of large-scale healthcare databases provide abundant opportunities for comparative effectiveness research. Evidence necessary to making informed treatment decisions often relies on comparing effectiveness of multiple…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-06 Liangyuan Hu , Chenyang Gu

Accurately estimating personalized treatment effects within a study site (e.g., a hospital) has been challenging due to limited sample size. Furthermore, privacy considerations and lack of resources prevent a site from leveraging…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Xiaoqing Tan , Chung-Chou H. Chang , Ling Zhou , Lu Tang

Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) is a popular framework for estimating a causal effect in settings where treatment is assigned if an observed covariate exceeds a fixed threshold. We consider estimation and inference in the common…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Kevin Tao , Y. Samuel Wang , David Ruppert

Tree search has recently emerged as a powerful framework for aligning generative models with task-specific rewards at test time. Applying tree search to Masked Diffusion Language Models, however, introduces two key challenges: (i) parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zichao Yu , Ming Li , Wenyi Zhang , Weiguo Gao

Regression methods dominate the practice of biostatistical analysis, but biostatistical training emphasises the details of regression models and methods ahead of the purposes for which such modelling might be useful. More broadly,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-12 John B. Carlin , Margarita Moreno-Betancur

The increasing complexity of data requires methods and models that can effectively handle intricate structures, as simplifying them would result in loss of information. While several analytical tools have been developed to work with complex…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-16 Riccardo Giubilei , Tullia Padellini , Pierpaolo Brutti