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The mechanisms by which modularity emerges in complex networks are not well understood but recent reports have suggested that modularity may arise from evolutionary selection. We show that finding the modularity of a network is analogous to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 Roger Guimera , Marta Sales-Pardo , Luis A. N. Amaral

Scale-free power law structure describes complex networks derived from a wide range of real world processes. The extensive literature focuses almost exclusively on networks with power law exponent strictly larger than 2, which can be…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Harry Crane , Walter Dempsey

We introduce a mechanism which models the emergence of the universal properties of complex networks, such as scale independence, modularity and self-similarity, and unifies them under a scale-free organization beyond the link. This brings a…

Using each node's degree as a proxy for its importance, the topological hierarchy of a complex network is introduced and quantified. We propose a simple dynamical process used to construct networks which are either maximally or minimally…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-06-24 Ala Trusina , Sergei Maslov , Petter Minnhagen , Kim Sneppen

Complex networks have recently attracted much interest due to their prevalence in nature and our daily lives [1, 2]. A critical property of a network is its resilience to random breakdown and failure [3-6], typically studied as a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-01-08 James P. Bagrow , Sune Lehmann , Yong-Yeol Ahn

Modularity is designed to measure the strength of division of a network into clusters (known also as communities). Networks with high modularity have dense connections between the vertices within clusters but sparse connections between…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Liudmila Ostroumova Prokhorenkova , Pawel Pralat , Andrei Raigorodskii

Networks are a fundamental tool for understanding and modeling complex systems in physics, biology, neuroscience, engineering, and social science. Many networks are known to exhibit rich, lower-order connectivity patterns that can be…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Austin R. Benson , David F. Gleich , Jure Leskovec

The presence of hierarchy in many real-world networks is not yet fully explained. Complex interaction networks are often coarse-grain models of vast modular networks, where tightly connected subgraphs are agglomerated into nodes for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-02-24 C. Tyler Diggans , Jeremie Fish , Erik Bollt

In network science complex systems are represented as a mathematical graphs consisting of a set of nodes representing the components and a set of edges representing their interactions. The framework of networks has led to significant…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-04-07 Alexandre Bovet , Hernán A. Makse

A common feature of biological networks is the geometric property of self-similarity. Molecular regulatory networks through to circulatory systems, nervous systems, social systems and ecological trophic networks, show self-similar…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2012-03-09 Simon DeDeo , David C. Krakauer

Complex networks describe a wide range of systems in nature and society, much quoted examples including the cell, a network of chemicals linked by chemical reactions, or the Internet, a network of routers and computers connected by physical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-31 Reka Albert , Albert-Laszlo Barabasi

Complex networks often have a modular structure, where a number of tightly- connected groups of nodes (modules) have relatively few interconnections. Modularity had been shown to have an important effect on the evolution and stability of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-04-21 Saray Shai , Dror Y. Kenett , Yoed N. Kenett , Miriam Faust , Simon Dobson , Shlomo Havlin

Complex networks of real-world systems are believed to be controlled by common phenomena, producing structures far from regular or random. These include scale-free degree distributions, small-world structure and assortative mixing by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-05-24 Lovro Šubelj , Marko Bajec

Real-world networks such as the Internet and WWW have many common traits. Until now, hundreds of models were proposed to characterize these traits for understanding the networks. Because different models used very different mechanisms, it…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Bojin Zheng , Hongrun Wu , Li Kuang , Jun Qin , Wenhua Du , Jianmin Wang , Deyi Li

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the modeling and simulation of social networks to understand several social phenomena. Two important classes of networks, small world and scale free networks have gained a lot of research…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-11-04 Mohammad Qasim Pasta , Zohaib Jan , Arnaud Sallaberry , Faraz Zaidi

Complex network theory aims to model and analyze complex systems that consist of multiple and interdependent components. Among all studies on complex networks, topological structure analysis is of the most fundamental importance, as it…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2010-09-15 Bo Yang , Jiming Liu

The recent discovery of universal principles underlying many complex networks occurring across a wide range of length scales in the biological world has spurred physicists in trying to understand such features using techniques from…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Sitabhra Sinha

Topology and weights are closely related in weighted complex networks and this is reflected in their modular structure. We present a simple network model where the weights are generated dynamically and they shape the developing topology. By…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-01-30 J. M. Kumpula , J. -P. Onnela , J. Saramaki , K. Kaski , J. Kertesz

We propose a growing network model that consists of two tunable mechanisms: growth by merging modules which are represented as complete graphs and a fitness-driven preferential attachment. Our model exhibits the three prominent statistical…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2007-07-31 Kazuhiro Takemoto , Chikoo Oosawa

Community structures have been identified in various complex real-world networks, for example, communication, information, internet and shareholder networks. The scaling of community size distribution indicates the heterogeneity in the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-07-11 Qing Yao , Bingsheng Chen , Tim S. Evans , Kim Christensen